Control of the flow rate of a hydraulic system by flow resistances in general with the objective of controlling the velocity of a cylinder or motor. For this purpose flow valves, manually controlled directional valves, proportional or high response proportional valves are used (Figure D 46).
In a hydraulic system with constant pumps the flow rate not required Q V (Q V = Q 1 – Q N) is fed back to the tank (Figure D 47). The power converted into heat at the throttling point on the 3-way flow control valve is proportional to the product of Q v and the load pressure p L: