Energy conversion
or frequency conversion, while on fluid-based systems a pump or a compressor is required. The drive element in electrical systems is the electric motor, and in fluid technology the cylinder or the motor
Bernoulli’s equation
Equation defined by Daniel Bernoulli (1700—1782) in 1738 for the steady-state flow of incompressible fluids and gasses free of friction. Bernoulli’s equation is a fundamental law derived from the principle [...] between the velocity v, the pressure p and the geodetic height h in a flow. The energy of a flowing fluid: Etotal = E pot + E kin + E p = const. Potential energy = E pot = Δm · g · h Bernoulli’s equation
Pressure amplifier
ratio of the pressure amplifier. It is possible to operate with the same pressure fluid and also with different pressure fluids (e.g. compressed air/ oil) in the two pressure systems.
Intake characteristic
depends on the rotation speed of the pump, the intake cross-section and the viscosity of the hydraulic fluid. The higher the rotation speed and the viscosity become, the worse the intake characteristic. If the [...] the intake characteristic is inadequate such that cavitation occurs, either the hydraulic fluid must be fed to the pump (pump under the tank) or it must be supplied with pressure (charge pump)
Concentrates
to give the water lubricity and corrosion protection. They usually make up 2 to 5% of a hydraulic fluid. A distinction is made between three groups: Emulsions : Concentrates based on mineral oil containing [...] Microemulsions : New type of concentrate made from a mixture of mineral oil components and synthetic fluids. Characteristics are still largely unknown.
Oil sampling
The oil samples needed to check the degree of contamination of hydraulic fluids must be taken in compliance with highly specific guidelines or the measurement results will not be representative for the [...] comparison with others. Apart from absolute cleanliness for all devices coming into contact with the fluid to be sampled, these guidelines also stipulate the correct place for oil sampling, i.e. somewhere
Filter selection
be taken into account, such as: Nature of the pressure fluid and its viscosity , Maximum flow rate , Required cleanliness level of the pressure fluid ( filtration grade ), Intended temperature range, On
Redundancy
components are generally more vulnerable than fluid parts, the redundancy measures in fluid technology are focused on signal distribution . However, fluid systems may also have a redundant design. In doing
Pipe impedance
The column of fluid in pipes is elastic and affected by both weight and friction. These characteristics are described in terms of the pipe capacity , the pipe inductance and the flow resistance (effective [...] (effective resistance). The column of fluid represents a homogeneous oscillating system as opposed to a discrete mechanical one. In a system of this kind, variable pressure and flow rate are dependent on both
Valve
Device used to control or the output of the fluid by influencing the start, stop and direction, as well as the pressure and/or flow rate of the pressure fluid acting in the system ( Figure V 3 ). Valves