Density function of a liquid
The density of a fluid changes with temperature and pressure. It reduces with temperature and increases with pressure (Figure D 12) . The density-pressure function is determined by, among other things [...] things, the compressibility of the fluid. With β = compression coefficient ρ o = density at atmospheric pressure p a = atmospheric pressure
Volumetric losses
or velocity. Compression losses are caused by the compressibility of the hydraulic fluid. In the case of hydraulic fluids, the volumetric losses are described by the volumetric efficiency (cf. power losses [...] components by mating surfaces and rods. There are still leakage paths, through which the pressure fluid can flow. The external leaked oil flow Q Le for pumps and motors flows out of the pressurised chambers
Capillary tube
is much greater than the diameter d. For Newtonian fluids, the flow rate through these kinds of flow resistors is mainly determined by the viscous fluid friction, geometry and pressure difference and may
Pressure head
Vertical height h in m of a column of fluid that, provided the density of the fluid is known, serves as a measure of the pressure that this column applies over the area of its base. The pressure head is
CETOP
technical recommendations for fluid technology. Today CETOP still has a leading role in the preparation of technical standards for example in the area of hydraulic fluids and contamination checks. In total [...] in 1962. Over 700 businesses from 13 European countries are represented in CETOP by the national fluid technology associations. The member associations are from Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Finland, France [...] Sweden, Switzerland, Slovenia and Spain. The objective of CETOP is to promote and support the European fluid technology industry. The committee is particularly important in relation to the European Union. National
Preheater
Device used to add heat to the hydraulic fluid. It is required where the temperature of the fluid should also be constant at the start of the operating period. The preheating normally takes place electrically
Friction losses
removed from the system in the form of heat. In fluid technology, these losses occur due to friction as a result of the viscosity of the pressure fluid, friction in the case of flow disturbances (vortices
External support
eccentric mounting in relation to the rotor. External support requires internal fluid admission in the displacement chambers as fluid drawn is in. Application: vane pumps , valve-less radial piston pumps . Opposite:
Chlorinated hydrocarbons
group of fire resistant fluids of class HFD. In Germany chlorinated hydrocarbons are only used in closed hydraulic systems in coal mining due to their PCB content (HFDS fluids group). They cause problems
Vertical column pressure gauge
barometric pressure of a column of fluid (Figure F 23) . They are only suitable for measuring low pressures or differential pressures. Alcohol, water or mercury is used as the fluid. Vertical column pressure gauges