Kinematical viscosity v
degrees Engler (°E), and then in stokes or centistokes (cSt), but is now given in m 2 /s or mm 2 /s. cSt can be converted as follows: 1 cSt = 1 mm 2 /s
Processing of actual values (or signals)
scaled in some cases, possibly amplified and perhaps even multiplied by another variable before it can be processed in the computer. Example: the processing of actual values (or signals) for a proportional
A/D converter
proportional number. The quantisation error caused by the stepwise digitisation in the A/D converter can be minimised by a higher resolution : A binary system with 4 bits (24) produces 15 steps and therefore
Time constant
value (Figure Z 3). The term time constant is –– not completely correctly –– used if systems (e.g. ) can be assumed to be 1st order systems (e.g. if the natural frequency is somewhat dampened and the valve
Creeping motion
reduction in velocity by pivoting back the traction drive pump at full rotation speed. Creeping motion can act on the brake if the creep pedal is used to cancel the brake pressure (again via the pivoting angle
Flushing a system
The flushing takes place at a low pressure. Here the filters are to be carefully monitored, as they can become blocked quickly under certain circumstances. Sensitive devices, such as servo valves should
Delivery flow pulsation
pistons!) If the delivery flow pulsation is not damped (e.g. by an accumulator or a piece of hose), it can become apparent at the actuator in the form of discontinuous movement. In addition, it causes in the
Series connection
to bolt them together as required. It ends with two end plates ( Figure L 3 ). A series connection can be combined as required — for example, by inserting a plate with throttle valves or — with a parallel
Natural frequency fo
times higher) than the natural frequency for the hydraulic actuator to ensure the system as a whole can deliver good dynamic performance.
Cascaded (multi loop) control system
control system, each controller acts independently and has its own summation point. This means it can be optimised for its own purposes. A major area of application for cascaded (multi loop) control systems