Damping network
removal of energy by throttling, leakage (bypass) or also friction with the special feature that it can only be activated if oscillations occur. The steady-state system behaviour is in general hardly affected
Damping seal
precisely defined gap through which the displaced air escapes (Figure D 4) . On moving out the air can then flow in again unhindered. This means a damping seal should have the action of a with a defined
Binary control
using operators, time and storage elements to form binary output signals (DIN 19 237). Binary controls can be roughly divided into logic control systems and sequence control systems (Figure B 16) .
Slipper
raceway). To reduce the contact force and therefore the friction the slipper is designed such that it can act like a hydraulic bearing ( hydrostatic relief ). The hydrostatic pressure necessary for this purpose
Class of accuracy
on which the error and also the effects in defined test conditions are within defined limits; they can have a class identifier that mostly corresponds to a the value in % of the actual value or of the end
Oil hydraulics
seals , including those with short seal lengths, which means the components used in oil hydraulics can be designed to be relatively compact.
Piston for rapid traverse
the rapid forward movement is at an end. For this purpose it must be ensured that the main piston can draw in unpressurised oil during forward movement (Figure E 2) . To obtain a higher rapid forward movement
Control pressure
Pressure required to start or maintain the function of a valve (device). The control pressure can be, but does not necessarily have to be, identical to the pressure in the system. A differentiation is
Power losses
between the power supplied and the power delivered ( hydraulic efficiency ). Much of what is lost can be attributed to: volumetric losses : these are caused by incomplete filling of the pump, internal
Incremental digital measuring system
measuring system in which first a reference point must be moved to such that a specific position can be determined by counting increments forward or backward (Figure D 29) . The position obtained in this