Programming methods
Describes the methodical and systematic approach to generating programs . A distinction can be made between direct and indirect programming methods ( Figure P 17 ): In addition to manual programming, which [...] programming) tend to use problem-oriented languages. In order to describe the sequence, the geometry can be input via the keyboard or CAD systems may be used for geometry modelling purposes. When creating
Releasable check valve
Check valve that can also be opened against the locking direction if required. This action occurs via a control piston (K 2) that is dimensioned so that it can open the valve cone against the system pressure
Energy losses in hydraulics
housing. On systems without appreciable throttling approx. 15 % can be expected on average, while in throttle circuits the loss element can be 25 to 30 % and higher.
Pressure valve
signal pressure. Depending on the design a differentiation is made between seated valves and that can be directly or pilot-controlled . In relation to the function a differentiation is made between pr [...] suction stroke of the piston. During the pressure stroke the pressure valve opens such that the piston can press the geometric displacement into the circuit.
Dissipated heat
losses, losses caused by throttle processes of local resistances in the system. The dissipated heat can be estimated for finished systems by measuring the change in temperature over several hours. The start [...] the oil volume are used to calculate the hourly heat flow. A rough estimate of the dissipated heat can be achieved by taking an average of the overall efficiency if there is no appreciable throttle: and
Overrun
The switching time of the directional valves is also a factor. Delay influences, which are constant, can be taken into account using derivative action. The overrun poses great difficulties when approaching [...] switching valves , a crawl speed must first be used. In the case of proportional valves the delay can be brought under control using corresponding specifications for the ramp .
Secondary measures (in the case of sound)
means: measures, which can reduce the transmission of structure-borne noise. This relates primarily to the oscillation-insulated assembly of the pump to prevent the bodies which can oscillate greatly, such
Variable area principle
devices can only be installed perpendicular and are primarily used in pneumatic systems. Loading a floating body with a spring force means that the measuring device is position-independent and can be designed
Piston rings for sealing
The kind of piston ring associated with the combustion engine can also be found in mechanical engineering. As a piston seal installed in a hydraulic cylinder , it has the advantage of showing very little [...] achieve a complete seal with it — not least because of the inevitable impact involved. The seal effect can be improved, however, if the impact occurs at an angle or in stages and by installing more than one
Tachogenerator
Device used to measure angular rotation speed. Tachogenerators can work as DC or AC generators. DC generator : The most commonly used process, in which a rotor turns in a magnetic field. The direct current [...] generated in this way is proportional to the rotation speed over a wide range ( Figure T 1 ). Advantage: Can be used at low rotation speeds. Disadvantage: The collector with brushes requires regular maintenance