Integrated circuit (IC)
Semiconductor component combining thousands of electronic functions within an area of a few mm2. It is mass-produced in the form of chips and is an essential feature of modern microelectronics.
Integrated electronics
The expression is used for hydraulic components where the electronic control is integrated within the housing for the device. It mainly applies to proportional valves and servo valves (Figure I 15) .
Instability of a control system
A or more generally a transfer element with an input variable and an output variable is referred to as unstable (not stable from a transmission perspective) if the output variable associated with each
Internal power split
As far as hydrostatic transmissions with an internal power split are concerned, the input torque from the drive motor is fed through the transmission using mechanical means only, while hydraulic torqu
Analogue measured values
The majority of measuring systems are analogue. In theory they have an infinitely high accuracy that is practice is however limited by the reading accuracy (resolution) and costs. Analogue measured va
Analogue measuring procedure
Measuring procedure in which within the measuring range every value of the measured variable as an input variable is continuously assigned a value in the output range. The continuous assignment betwee
Analogue measuring technology
Recording or acquisition of measured variables using analogue measuring instruments. The measured value is represented continuously and with the correct magnitude.
Amplitude ratio
Ratio of the amplitude at the output of a transfer element to the amplitude of the input signal , e.g. in a servo valve the ratio between the spool position and the electrical control signal.
Amplitude margin
Is the factor with which the static transfer factor of the open control circuit must be multiplied so that the related closed control circuit is at the stability boundary.
Amplitude modulation
The amplitude of a high frequency carrier frequency is modulated with a low frequency oscillating signal. Example: inductive position measurement in which the high frequency from an oscillator is modu