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Graphical representation of the load curve for a given load (e.g. a cylinder) over time. The force-time diagram is used when deciding the dimensions for the pump ( Figure K 36 ).

Indicates the extent to which force or pressure rises at the zero point as a function of valve control spool deflection for a continuously adjustable valve if the drive is retained ( Figure K 34 ).

Since the pressure in a fluid is the same at every point (laws of hydraulics), the force generated is solely dependent on the size of the area on which the pressure is acting. It is possible therefore

Refers to a configuration whereby the output variable (e.g. velocity) is dependent on the load. Example: electric motor in series connection, power-controlled pump, compressed air cylinder (connection

Here, the associated force is fed back to acknowledge that a state has been achieved. Force feedback generally uses mechanical means with the help of springs. Example: mechanical feedback from servo v

Performed with the help of force sensors designed in such a way that the force introduced acts on a strain gauge bridge (two active and two passive strain gauges) upon compression.

Variable for comparing drives involving different energy forms which specifies the transferable drive power per unit for the respective effective surface area in N/cm2. It is highly suitable for compa

Controller concepts

Increasingly, individual devices are tending to feature internal with a view to preserving or improving certain characteristics. Typically with integrated controls, the controlled variable tends be an

If hydraulic cylinders are operating in a closed circuit position control system , it makes sense to integrate the associated position measuring system within the cylinder, since it often proves very