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Deviates from the normal sequence of functions for an operating unit or machine by switching it to a safe state via the shortest possible route. This may mean a sudden stoppage, but may also include s

Fixture which assumes responsibility for actuation if the normal actuation device fails (triggered manually in most cases).

Hydraulic cylinder mass-produced in accordance with the relevant standards. These are the nominal pressures as per ISO 3322, diameter of cylinder bores and piston rods as per DIN ISO 3320, surface rat

Responsibility for working on and drafting standards for fluid technology lies with the specialist fluid technology department at the Normenausschuss Maschinenbau (Standards Committee Mechanical Engin

Devices with a defined form and dimensions as per DIN 1952 and which are used to measure air flows. They may take the form of an orifice ( a ), nozzle ( b ) or Venturi nozzle ( c ) ( Figure N 5) .

In pneumatics, this covers the range from around 2 bar to 10 bar. The comparable pressure range in hydraulics is referred to as the medium pressure range , although this is associated with higher pres

Control system with a modular structure in terms of hardware and software, making it more easily adaptable to variable conditions. Opposite: control with a rigid structure.

This is when functional units or even physical units are associated with a defined type of behaviour and can be linked together based on defined rules (EDIN 19 226, Part 5).

There are special boundary conditions for mobile machines (excavators, cranes, loaders, etc.). These conditions are due in part to the mobility, and in part to the tasks and environmental conditions.

With all hydraulic motors of the vane and piston type that have an odd number of displacement chambers, the smaller and larger section will find themselves within the pressure range on an alternating