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This term covers all combinations of electrical (electronic) signal processing with hydraulic drives. These combinations can be divided into three groups: Electro-hydraulic technology in which hydraul

Stepper motor-operated or less frequently DC motor-operated hydraulic cylinder with integrated control unit ( following control valve ) and mechanical feedback via spindle or toothed rack that can be

Are functional effects of any cause that result in behaviour of the control that is not suitable for the task. A differentiation is made between: Active errors : Errors that trigger control functions

Agreed maximum magnitudes for positive or negative deviations on the indication (output) from measuring devices . Error limits are pre-defined essentially in relation to systematic deviations from the

If the measured result is a function of one or more measured values , then the error on the measured result can be determined based on the law of error propagation . It describes the propagation of th

Procedure that compares the output of a system with the results from the calculation in a model of this system and that sounds an alarm if deviations are excessive.

Covers measures for the detection of faults (monitoring the occurrence of a fault), fault localisation (finding the cause of the fault) and fault indication (i.e. providing information on the cause of

Code in which the character string is formed based on defined specifications that makes it possible to detect deviations on these devices caused by malfunctions. The fault detection codes are redundan

Measures for fault detection, fault localisation and fault indication. This can be achieved by the provision of state signals to the machine controls that, by means of comparison with the setpoints ,

A differentiation is made between systematic and random errors: Systematic errors : Are primarily caused by imperfections in the measuring instrument , the measuring procedure and the object measured.