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Distinction of types of friction according to the movement type. Sliding friction is the movement resistance between bodies whose speed is different in the contact area in terms of amount and/or direc

Surface area of the piston Ap minus the surface area of the piston rod Ar St: When performing an accurate force measurement of a hydraulic cylinder with a dual effect and a piston rod on one side ( di

Electrical impulse, which brings the storage elements of a system to the initial position (DIN 19 237).

The Reynolds number is a dimensionless quantity indicator for the ratio of the forces of inertia to the forces of viscosity or friction in flowing Newtonian liquids. It depends on the flow velocity v,

Variable pump that pans from +max, though zero, to –max flow rate . Thus the suction line becomes the pressure line and vice versa without changing the rotating direction ( Figure R 27 ). Reversing pu

The direction of rotation of a variable motor shaft can be changed, without changing the direction of the absorbed volume flow by moving the lifting element away from zero. Reversing motors are rarely

Quantity of contamination in the hydraulic fluid after filtering . This is currently mainly measured and counted using automatic counting devices. The result is a profile of contamination in accordanc

Oil quantity in compressed air after passing through the lubricated compressors and downstream separation systems (cyclone separators) and after leaving the storage tank. The residual oil content is s

Designates the oscillation of a system capable of oscillation, which is linked to another or is otherwise periodically stimulated. In the case of poorly damped systems close to the natural frequency ,

Designates the length required for stimulation at a certain frequency, i.e. the length at which a stationary shaft can form in the element. The resonance length plays a role in creating the noise.