Pressure amplifier
2 or F 1 = p 1 * A 1 and F 2 = p 2 *A 2 This surface area ratio also defines at the same time the transmission ratio of the pressure amplifier. It is possible to operate with the same pressure fluid and [...] pressure p 1 of the primary pressure system is brought to a higher pressure p 2 in the secondary system. The pressure boost factor is given by the ratio of the primary and secondary surface areas: F 1 = F 2
Jet contraction
transition from A 3 to A 1 becomes more round. The contraction coefficient ψ is between 0.6 for sharp edges, 0.7 to 0.8 in the case of a slight rounding, and up to 0.99 in the case of large radii. [...] Contraction A ‘1 of a flow rate when entering into a cross-section constriction. It arises when the wall of cross-section A 1 is removed ( Figure S 98 ). The jet contraction becomes smaller as the transition
Load sensing system
system in the pipes to the actuators p LS is fed back to the inlet pressure compensator or the LS controller for the pump and compared with the system pressure p 1 . The system pressure p 1 is controlled via [...] pressure compensator to the tank at the system pressure p 1 , whereas this element in the circuit with the variable pump is not even made available at this stage as a result of an adjustment to the flow rate [...] Hydraulic control system able to adjust pressure and flow rate to reflect the requirements of one or more consumers at any given time. LS systems can be created using a constant pump as well as a variable
Pressure-reducing valve (pressure control valve)
increasing above the set value, e.g. due to an excessive load on the output element, i.e. the valve acts from p 1 to p 2 as a pressure-reducing valve and from p 2 to p 1 as a pressure-limiting valve . Pres [...] outlet pressure (secondary pressure) p 2 constant even with changing inlet pressure (primary pressure) p 1 . This action is achieved by a valve cone, held open by a spring, that gradually closes as the secondary [...] Pressure-reducing valves can be directly or pilot-controlled. In addition to the spool valves shown, there are also pressure-reducing valves that are designed as a leakage-free Seated valve .
Bulk modulus
is around 1.5 · 105 N/cm2. Air in the form of bubbles reduces the bulk modulus significantly (at least for pressures under 200 bar). In practice therefore, the bulk modulus is often 1.0 to 1.2 x 105 N/cm2 [...] Parameter for the volume elasticity of a fluid, comparable to the modulus of elasticity of solid substances. Unlike the modulus of elasticity, however, the (genuine) bulk modulus is not a constant value [...] pressure and volume: This genuine bulk modulus determines the stiffness of an oil column. In order to calculate the reduction in volume in advance, i.e. the compression volume V k = V o – V (Figure K 26)
High speed motors
uncontrolled motors, it is between 500 min--1 for gear motors and 50 to 100 min--1 in the case of piston motors. It remains identical with hydraulic pumps of the same construction type (gear, vane , piston machines [...] Hydraulic motors which permit at least 1,000 min--1 as the upper rotation speed limit, with the lowest rotation speed determined by the hydraulic-mechanical efficiency factor. In the case of uncontrolled
Safety regulations
institutions for statutory accident insurance and prevention include: ZH 1/457 and ZH 1/52 and ZH 1/74; VBG 7n5.2 Hydraulic presses, VBG 8 Winches, Lifting and Hoisting Devices, VBG 16 Compressors, VBG 40 excavators [...] systems is forcing system designers to also consider the safety regulations for electrical engineering, as defined in the German Accident Prevention Regulations UVV VGB 1 and 7 for general mechanical engineering [...] accumulators: DIN 24 552 Hydraulic accumulators in hydraulic systems, AD data sheet A2 Safety equipment to prevent overpressure; safety valves, Accumulator ordinance dated 27.2.1980. Technical rules for ac
Speed characteristic of hydraulic motors
defined by the ratio of the flow rate supplied Q 1 to the displacement of the motor V 2: The highest rotation speed is reached on fixed displacement motors at Q 1max and on variable displacement motors at the [...] just be overcome. The lowest rotation speed is reached if Q 1 is just greater than the leakage, or if the shaft still just runs evenly due to the relative delivery fluctuation of the geometric displacement
System order
can be ignored. Therefore, in most cases the systems will be 1st, 2nd or 3rd order. A 1st order system has only one energy store (e.g. mass to be accelerated). They can only be used in hydraulic systems [...] Systems are divided according to the order (priority) of the linear differential equations that they represent in systems of the 1st, 2nd, ... nth order. In doing so, the coefficients of higher-order elements
Storage volume
the value κ=1.4. Calculate the storage volume directly and easily in our hydraulic calculator . The manufacturer's instructions, in particular for the ratios of the pressures p0, p1 and p2 to each other [...] accumulator pressure p1. The adiabatic coefficient κ, which depends on the rate of pressure change, also influences the usable volume . For slow (iothermal) pressure change, the value κ=1, for fast (adiabatic) [...] other, must be observed. For the pressures above 200 bar, the real gas behavior deviates significantly from the behavior of the ideal gas, so that the usable volume ΔV is reduced.