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The valve control spools on three way valves are, with the exception of very large nominal diameters, placed in the centre position and maintained there by two springs as soon as the solenoid force or

Representation, depiction of devices that are required or present in a system. The device oriented plan differs from the block diagram or signal flow diagram , which reflects the functional interactio

Compressibility

Graphic representation of the amplitude response . Together with the graphically represented phase-frequency response it forms the frequency characteristic ( Bode diagram ) according to DIN 19 226.

In a closed hydrostatic system (closed box without moving in the fluid) pressure p is constant at each point. The pressure F is calculated as the force F per unit area A and the number of cylinders ic

Piston rod seal as combination of a grooved ring seal with rounded sealing edge with a scraper (Figure D 11) . Often an angled metal ring is vulcanised into the seal to improve the seating of the ring

Sensor which converts measured variables for analysable signals with the help of an external energy source. With passive sensors, electrical such as resistance, capacitance and inductance are modified

General : The controlled or auxiliary variable (e.g. distance, force, speed among others) necessary for a specific result is converted into a corresponding signal that is fed back to the input on the

Sequence of individual steps (as a rule identical to machine movements) defined in the controller that are produced on running through the intended program once. The individual steps can be triggered

The torque M of a pump is calculated from the pressure p, the volume per revolution Vg and the hydraulic mechanic efficiency factor ηhm of the pump. Calculate the torque input of a pump directly and e