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Temperature at which the mineral oil still just flows under defined test conditions. It is somewhere between 6 and 8°C above the pour point . The pour point cannot be used to assess the characteristic

Basic structure whereby interactions take place within a kind of circle. This is the structure for resulting from the feedback of controlled variables required in this context ( Figure K 38 ).

Devices (e.g. measuring instrument or measuring devices ) on which the error and also the effects in defined test conditions are within defined limits; they can have a class identifier that mostly cor

Law for hydraulics. Equation defined by Daniel Bernoulli (1700—1782) in 1738 for the steady-state flow of incompressible fluids and gasses free of friction. Bernoulli’s equation is a fundamental law d

Controller concepts

Processor with a parallel structure to process words.

Combination of the regulator and control element ( Figure S 81 ). In hydraulic and open loop control systems it comprises the including the (piloting) valve .

Option to confirm on a device which takes precedence over the other actuation.

Increasing the volume of an elastomer seal through the action of the hydraulic fluid. The height of the swelling is different, depending on the seal materials . For example, polyamide swells strongly

Idling losses are power losses which occur when the system is not subjected to a load, i.e. when the system is not doing any useful work. Idling losses in, for example, hydrostatic displacement machin