Calculating the sound power
The various methods of noise measurement. are available to determine the sound power. The calculation of the sound power may be performed by measuring the sound pressure in a soundproof room or in a f
Available force
The effective force F 2eff at the piston shaft for a cylinder . This is derived from the piston area A and the pressure p, having subtracted the friction forces F 2R associated with the seals and guid
Two-point behaviour
Is present if there are elements that allocate two value ranges of an input signal in a steady state to two different values of the output signal (two-point elements) (DIN 19 226).
Switching
Process with the aim of triggering a certain movement (function) by actuating individual valves or controls .
Standard cylinder
Hydraulic cylinder mass-produced in accordance with the relevant standards. These are the nominal pressures as per ISO 3322, diameter of cylinder bores and piston rods as per DIN ISO 3320, surface rat
Kinematical viscosity v
The kinematic viscosity indicates whether a hydraulic fluid is thin or viscous at a certain temperature, and therefore whether the friction between the fluid layers is lower or higher. This also has a
Pilot flow rate
Flow rate required for pilot actuation of a multi-stage valve. Its size results from the control volume and the desired reversal time. The pilot flow rate may become unexpectedly large due to the norm
Secondary measures (in the case of sound)
Sum of all measures, which the system designer must take for a given pump (motor) to produce a quiet system (see noise creation in hydraulic systems). Specifically, this means: measures, which can red
Piezoresistive effect
Change in the specific resistance of a metal under a mechanical load (mainly strain). The piezoresistive effect occurs with all metals (including metal strain gauges), although it is particularly pron