Operating loads
Loads on a system or parts of a system result from the operating conditions .
Back ring
Ring made of a particularly wear-resistant elastomer or thermoplastic that is applied to the side of a seal away from the pressure to prevent the seal material wandering into the clearance gap under p
Asynchronous control
A controller that operates without a clock signal on which the signal changes on the output are only triggered by changes in the input signals (DIN 19 237).
Rise time
Time that a parameter requires to increase from a specific lower value to a specific higher value.
Intake characteristic
Characterises the varying capability of displacement pumps to draw the required flow rate from a tank. Apart from the type of pump, the intake characteristic is determined by the magnitude of the vacu
Amplitude modulation
The amplitude of a high frequency carrier frequency is modulated with a low frequency oscillating signal. Example: inductive position measurement in which the high frequency from an oscillator is modu
External power split
Gearboxes with an external power split comprise a mechanical summation gearbox (planetary gearbox) in the direct flow of power and an adjustable gearbox (hydrostatic transmission) in the parallel circ
Hydraulic axis
Complete working system for positioning tasks, consisting of a hydraulic cylinder with integrated control (high response proportional) valves and an integrated position measurement system (Figure H 13
Jet contraction
Contraction A ‘1 of a flow rate when entering into a cross-section constriction. It arises when the wall of cross-section A 1 is removed ( Figure S 98 ). The jet contraction becomes smaller as the tra
Ageing of seals
Many of the additives contained in mineral oil act like a vulcanising agent on elastomers. For this reason vulcanisation can occur at high temperatures; this action is termed ageing. The consequence o