Frequency modulation
Process for superimposing signals on a carrier wave on which the amplitude remains constant, but the frequency changes with the modulation. This includes above all the pulse modulation method .
Built-in dirt
This casual term covers all particles of dirt that - unlike debris - enter the system during the manufacture and assembly of the devices in the system. These include above all casting sand, welding sl
Threshold
Change of the input signal , at which the valve power output is reversed at zero. It is expressed as a percentage of the input signal.
Loading models for cylinders
They represent characteristic operating pressure-time curves for cylinders and make it easier to categorise cylinders with widely varying requirement profiles in relation to their load. Five basic loa
Damping of cylinder motion
Reduction of the piston velocity at one or both ends of the stroke to reduce mass forces. If the ends of the stroke are at the end positions of the piston, end position damping is used, which requires
AC solenoid
Solenoid , that works with alternating current (Figure W 3). AC solenoids have a shorter switching time than DC solenoids, greater tensile force and a simpler construction design. The disadvantage is
Correcting speed
Speed, at which the correcting variable is changed (DIN 19 226).
Cleanliness level
Characterises the number of particles present in hydraulic fluid . Purity classes are stated either in filter classes according to NAS 1638 — which specifies the permitted particle numbers in five par
Metallic seals
Used as flat and round seals . In order to provide a tight seal, they must undergo plastic deformation, which enables them to fill up any surface roughness . This is why they can only provide a tight
Hydrostatics
Branch of hydraulics . Concerned with the generation and transmission of energy and signals via the static pressure associated with a fluid. This is why, compared with hydrokinetics , the pressure ran