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The viscosity of a Newtonian fluid changes as a factor of the temperature: For hydraulic fluids it decreases rapidly as the temperature rises and at low temperatures it approaches the pour point ( Fig

Function, which changes its value by a predetermined value suddenly at a defined time t. The change of the caused by this is called the . A step function is used, for example to determine the of a con

The variable in the controlled subsystem, which is calculated for the purposes of and is supplied via the measuring device of the . It is the output variable of the system and, together with the refer

Determining the measured value of a physical variable — the measured variable — by means of an indirect or direct comparison with a known reference variable. Measuring requires a master reference elem

The position error represents the stationary deviation between the setpoint and actual value for a position in the closed circuit position control system . Since the hydraulic controlled subsystem doe

Accuracy with which a pointer instrument indicates. It is generally defined in accuracy classes. Here it is important to state whether the accuracy relates to the permissible error limits on the value

Describes the change of an over time when adding characteristic curves of the input signal (DIN 19 226) ( Figure U 5 ). The step function is a characteristic change of the input signal . . The or is t

All equipment necessary for a defined measuring procedure . This includes the sensors and components used to distribute, store and process the signals. The respective system structure is specified thr

Collection of command elements created with a view to compiling programs. Programming languages give a computer both the data to be processed and instructions as to how it should be processed. They fo

Seal type for sealing rotating areas based on a gap seal whereby the pressure energy is dissipated when a suitable surface is formed in the interplay between vortex formation and flow resistance ( Fig