Calculating the sound power
regard to the noise emissions at the installation location. As a rough guide, it may be assumed that the hydraulics of a machine, considering all secondary measures will be at least 5 dB(A) higher in a free [...] calculation of the sound power is performed amongst other things in accordance with the DIN 45 635 Part 1 framework ( Figure S 11 ) and DIN EN 23 741. The sound power of a machine calculated under measurement [...] free field than the pump in a soundproof room. The increase during installation will again be at least 5 dB(A). This means that in order to keep within 85 dB(A), the pump must not exceed 75 dB(A) in a
Switching methods for hydraulic pumps
circuits ). Series circuit : Pump 1 leads to pump 2. This circuit is used to improve the filling of a high-pressure pump or to reach a higher output pressure at pump 2 (e.g. in the case of some internal
Tachogenerator
generated in this way is proportional to the rotation speed over a wide range ( Figure T 1 ). Advantage: Can be used at low rotation speeds. Disadvantage: The collector with brushes requires regular maintenance [...] is induced in the stator winding, whose amplitude is proportional to the rotation speed ( Figure T 2 ). Advantage: Low maintenance Disadvantage: Measurement voltage must be rectified; not suitable for
Slow speed high torque motor
smoothly at very low rotation speeds without any need for transmission. The term slow speed high torque motor is not strictly defined, but it is restricted to a rotation speed range not exceeding 1 to 150—250
Switching capacity of directional valves
Dynamic switching capacity : States the pressure p and flow rate Q at which a directional valve can still be switched ( Figure S 16 ). This is particularly important in the case of directly controlled
Heat balance in hydraulic systems
involved in this. Depending on the ventilation of the surface A, k = 5.8–11.6 W/m2K can be used if the temperature difference is at least 25°C. This creates a heat balance. If the stationary temperature reach [...] reach is beneath the operating temperature T B, no further measures are necessary ( Figure W 1 , curve I). The same applies to the case that T B only reaches t B after the operating time given a largely rising
Intermittent operation
duty is one of the other Nominal mode of operation denoted in the international standard IEC 60034-1. Hydraulic power packs work in intermittent operation if they are switched on and off by a process-dependent [...] available exactly when the process needs it. A pressure signal is generally used for this: this means that at an upper pressure point, the power pack switches off, the pressure falls below a lower value, and then
Semiconductor memory
prevent it being lost, the charge is renewed at short intervals (of a few ms). This occurs automatically via the processor. DRAM is currently available up to 1 Mbit. Static RAM, SRAM : The storage cells [...] read-only memory; programming is performed electrically, electrical erasure is also possible a word at a time. Non-volatile type of memory. Highly suitable for machine controls. Dynamic RAM, DRAM : The
Buckling of rams
buckling) In addition to the basic scenario (scenario 1), another three buckling scenarios are possible in this context (Figure K 12). Mounting scenario 2 applies in most cases, so that s = l. Particularly [...] y thorough calculations are required for horizontal cylinders or those tilted at a considerable angle, since the bending stress associated with the component's own weight is added to the compressive stress
Cylinder
normally straight. Piston cylinder : The mechanical force F K is created by the influence of the pressure p of the transfer medium on the piston area A K (the most common form of a cylinder): With this approach [...] the force is generated directly, without intermediate mechanical elements, the force can be applied at any point of the stroke and in any size up to the nominal force, the usable stroke can be changed as