Pre-load pressure
1. Pressure intentionally generated by a resistance in a system (e.g. in the outlet line of a system). 2. Pressure to which the oil in a tank is subjected if the suction of the pump requires this. To that [...] that end, a rubber diaphragm absorbs the gas at 0.3 to 0.6 bar ( pre-charged oil tank).
Closed centre system
On variable pumps with power limiting and pressure limitation set to minimum flow at pressure or On a variable pump with p/Q control system set to minimum flow with a different pressure above zero ( standby
Positioning error
(between 0.1% and 2 to 3%), errors resulting from friction in the drive, errors caused by the presence of an external load. They are dependent on the size of the load, the pressure gain at the valve and [...] the loop gain vK. All these errors are more or less cancelled out if appropriate measures are taken at the position control stage.
Safety of a system
measures, compliance with which – in the interaction with other technical measures –– should ensure that by keeping within the tolerable risk, the safety objectives are met at the operating conditions to be
Two edge control
1. Hydraulic resistance control for a displacement chamber with a type A hydraulic half bridge (adjustable input and output resistance); use of both control edges of a continuously adjustable 3/2-way [...] of the overlap/underlap conditions , only the control edges P A (inlet) and B T (outlet) or in the case of opposite directions of movement P B (inlet ) and A T (outlet) are active. This can be interpreted [...] valve with negative pressure. Together with a differential cylinder with an annular area pressurised at operating pressure (replacement circuit for hydraulic bridge D), the two edge control enables movement
Flow valves
dependent on pressure difference Δ p of the throttle point. Flow control valves , which are not pressure-controlled. The flow rate Q remains largely constant even at different load pressures. The flow
Compression energy EK
Energy stored in a pressure fluid compressed at the pressure p. The storage of energy within a volume of gas or fluid as a result of pressure is comparable to the storage of energy when a mechanical spring
Kinematical viscosity v
(°E), and then in stokes or centistokes (cSt), but is now given in m 2 /s or mm 2 /s. cSt can be converted as follows: 1 cSt = 1 mm 2 /s [...] The kinematic viscosity indicates whether a hydraulic fluid is thin or viscous at a certain temperature, and therefore whether the friction between the fluid layers is lower or higher. This also has an
Servo motor
velocities and loads (often more than 1:1,000). This means that the displacement, oil leakage flows and friction moments should be independent of the angle of rotation. Even at lower speeds or velocities, the
Time constant
delay time. It is the time, which the output signal of a 1st order delay element requires to reach 63% of the end value. After 3 · T 95 % and at 5 · T almost 100 % of the end value (Figure Z 3). The term [...] term time constant is –– not completely correctly –– used if systems (e.g. ) can be assumed to be 1st order systems (e.g. if the natural frequency is somewhat dampened and the valve behaviour in the subsystem