Operating modes of drives
the direction of rotation changes (2nd and 3rd quadrant) or the direction of rotation remains the same with a changing direction of torque (driving and braking, 3rd and 4th quadrant). Example: hydraulic pump [...] Single quadrant operation of a drive occurs if the direction of rotation and the torque are the same (1st quadrant). On hydrostatic displacement machines this situation represents normal pump/motor operation
Flow rate range of flow requirement
outlet pressure): Q = f (p) under stated test conditions. temperature-controlled : Range between the minimum and maximum flow rate as a factor of the temperature of the hydraulic fluid at a constant pressure [...] pressure difference: Q = f ( t , p = const.) under stated test conditions.
Noise level L W
the entire sound power W emitted from an acoustic radiator in relation to a specific output W o of 1 pW. The sound power level is therefore a machine-specific variable, which is used by machine operators
Decompression shock
If a chamber at pressure p is suddenly connected to a drain line (e.g. on switching over a directional valve ) then the compression energy stored in the fluid is suddenly released, as a result the compression [...] compression volume at the start meets at high speed the column of fluid in the drain line and causes there a measurable and audible pressure increase ( energy content of a hydraulic fluid).
High speed motors
Hydraulic motors which permit at least 1,000 min--1 as the upper rotation speed limit, with the lowest rotation speed determined by the hydraulic-mechanical efficiency factor. In the case of uncontrolled [...] uncontrolled motors, it is between 500 min--1 for gear motors and 50 to 100 min--1 in the case of piston motors. It remains identical with hydraulic pumps of the same construction type (gear, vane , piston machines
Accumulator drive
in which a hydraulic accumulator performs the task of providing energy at power peaks. This can be used to select the flow rate Q 1 of the pump according to the average consumption V N during a working [...] a reaction. The disadvantage is the power loss, which results when the load pressure p L and accumulator pressure p Sp are not the same size and throttle or pressure-reducing valves have to be used (storage
Speed characteristic of hydraulic motors
rate supplied Q 1 to the displacement of the motor V 2: The highest rotation speed is reached on fixed displacement motors at Q 1max and on variable displacement motors at the V 2min at which the internal [...] internal friction can still just be overcome. The lowest rotation speed is reached if Q 1 is just greater than the leakage, or if the shaft still just runs evenly due to the relative delivery fluctuation of [...] on axial piston machines with 7 pistons approx. 28 rev/min. and with 9 pistons approx. 16 rev/min.). At lower rotation speeds the relative delivery fluctuation can be corrected with the aid of a control
Load pressure difference
Pressure difference between the working openings at a management or . It is referred to as positive if the inlet pressure is higher than the return line pressure. With synchronizing cylinders , the load [...] load pressure difference is equivalent to the load pressure p L.
Single or separate drive for machines
constant pumps with Q k it is a disadvantage that the installed power P max is only required at one operating point (at p max , i.e. at corner power ). If, on the other hand, variable pumps with power controllers
Force: impulse, signal: pulse
mass point is equal to the force F applied to it. 2. When investigating control circuit elements, idealised rectangular functions and the like are applied at the input and response functions from the transfer [...] 1. Product of the weight m and velocity v for a mass point: The impulse/pulse is vectorial variable; its direction is same as the velocity involved. The time differential quotient for the impulse/pulse [...] referred to as a pulse or shock function. These kinds of test signals were thoroughly investigated by P. A. M. Dirac. They are also referred to therefore as a Dirac pulse or Delta function or even a unit