Area ratio
piston diameter dp divided by the square of the difference between the piston and rod diameters dp - dr. Calculate the area ratio directly and easily in our hydraulic calculator .
Electronic Flow Sharing
control unit onboard knows and monitors each individual valve section: - the nominal flow rate - their priority - the maximum pump volume - the nominal flow rate of all other valve sections in the same valve
Bulk modulus
around 1.5 · 105 N/cm2. Air in the form of bubbles reduces the bulk modulus significantly (at least for pressures under 200 bar). In practice therefore, the bulk modulus is often 1.0 to 1.2 x 105 N/cm2 (see [...] k = V o – V (Figure K 26) , all that is required is the "average" bulk modulus: where V o = volume under pressure, Δ V k = compression volume. The size of the bulk modulus for air-free oil at 50°C is around
Process-dependent workflow control
controlled system (process) (DIN 19 237). The process-dependent workflow control – previously known as "sequence control" – is really the type of control which allows for the shortest possible cycle time
Series connection
plates ( Figure L 3 ). A series connection can be combined as required — for example, by inserting a plate with throttle valves or — with a parallel connection . The sandwich design associated with mobile
Three chamber valve
4/3 directional valve with three annular channels in the housing for the three ports A, B and P (Figure D 42) . The 4th port T is to the spring chambers F1 and F2 that are connected together via a connecting
Wheel motor
motor – which may also be adjustable – is integrated into the gear such that the torque is transferred over a ring gear with teeth on the inside, onto which the rim is directly welded ( Figure R 7 ). Slow [...] designed such that the shaft is fixed and the housing, which is connected to the rim, turns ( Figure R 8 ).
Electromagnetic compatibility
compatibility (89/336/EEC) DIN EN 50 081 Electromagnetic compatibility — Generic emission standard DIN EN 50 082 Electromagnetic compatibility — Generic immunity standard.
Proportional control technology
actuation makes it possible to adjust the operating variables for a process - particularly forces, velocities and positions - in line with optimal operating conditions and also improve the of the system [...] too ( Figure P 21 ). same mounting dimensions as switching valves. The main advantages of proportional technology are as follows: direction and flow control in a valve, low pressure drop at control edges [...] circuits greatly, with fewer pressure and flow valves needed thanks to the control valves used ( Figure P 22 ).
Position error
circuit position control systems are either caused by external loads — in connection with a finite force gain for the control element — applied to dead zones as a result of positive overlap/underlap conditions