Nozzle
cross-section constriction (e.g. rounded inlet edge) on which the smallest flow cross-section - unlike on the orifice - is within the geometric cross-section constriction. The pressure losses due to fluid friction
Measuring instruments
Devices — located along the signal flow — which make up a measuring device and whose measuring characteristics (errors, chain of influences) are specific to the measuring device in question ( Figure M
Pre-charge of seals
To that end either –– as in lip seals — the lips are designed to be undersized or oversized, which is then to be stretched or –– as in compact seals and O-rings — the seal body changes shape and is compressed
Available force
The effective force F 2eff at the piston shaft for a cylinder . This is derived from the piston area A and the pressure p, having subtracted the friction forces F 2R associated with the seals and guide
Valve block design
task of connecting and linking individual devices. In this way the number of ports - and therefore the risk of leaks - is minimised. The requirements for ease of access and small installation volume are
Action of multiple resistance
made in fluid technology between series and parallel resistances. For series circuits - as is the case for pipelines - the individual resistances are added ( series circuit ). This means, for example for
Parallel connection
Assembly option for hydraulic valves whereby the required valves for a function — e.g. directional valve, flow valves , high response proportional valves are assembled on top of each other on a base plate
Proportional valves
systems , there are throttle valves ( Figure P 27 ) and 2-way and 3-way flow control valves . Here, the throttle ( measuring throttle ) in the form of a 2/2-way or 4/2-way valve is actuated by a proportional [...] fine control range ( Figure P 30 ).Figure P 24: Electric position feedback in a proportional valve Figure P 25: Proportional pressure valve with electric feedback Figure P 26: Pilot-controlled proportional [...] Figure P 27: Proportional throttle valve Figure P 28: Directly controlled proportional directional valve Figure P 29: Proportional directional valve, pilot-controlled with directional valve Figure P 30:
Displacement machine (displacement unit)
units (generally pistons) performing a linear movement. All displacement machines – with the exception of the screw pumps – can be classified using the aforementioned schematic. Opposite: flow machines . [...] machines the transport process takes place in a circumferential direction and is characterised by the size 2π. The displacement units are gear wheels and moving or rigid barrier elements (vanes). The group of
Electro-hydraulic control technology
controls with electrical (electronic) signal processing. As the to the hydraulics - the servo valves and proportional valves - has already been in use for some time, all control system-related developments [...] Electro-hydraulic control technology therefore combines the advantages of electrical signal processing - such as the ease of linking, saving and amplifying electrical signals , ease of compliance with priorities