Measuring error
Difference between the measured value and a limit value. Each measured value — and therefore each measurement result — is influenced by any imperfections associated with measuring instruments and measuring [...] n is made between random and systematic deviations and again between known deviations — which can be factored in — and unknown deviations, which can, however, be estimated ( Figure M 17 ). Known systematic [...] They are expressed as a % of the limit value for the measuring range or in terms of the current value at that point in time. These will differ from each other quite significantly, particularly in a range
Churning losses
the components are moving around inside. These are dependent on the rotation speed and — particularly during idling — may cause appreciable power losses ( idling losses ).
Hand pump
Hydraulic pump — mostly with a single piston — for manual operation. It is single-acting in most cases, i.e. priming occurs during the first section of the cycle and delivery during the second. With d
Conical piston
sealing purposes. The piston shaft — unlike the spherical piston — is conical in shape and is responsible for taking the Cardan-free cylinder drum with it (Figure K 4) .
Fluid power standards
collection can be found in "O+P Konstruktions-Jahrbuch 1993/1994" [O+P Design Manual 1993/1994] published by Vereinigte Fachverlage. The specialist fluid technology committee at the VDMA has also produced [...] technology lies with the specialist fluid technology department at the Normenausschuss Maschinenbau (Standards Committee Mechanical Engineering – NAM). They work on all DIN, ISO and DIN ISO standards. In addition
Cylinder velocity
calculated from the flow rate Q, the effective area of the cylinder A (extend speed - piston area , retract speed - annulus area ) and the number of cylinders ic. Calculate the cylinder velocity directly
Equivalent circuit
Method for making the functional - and often complex - relationships involved in the operation of hydraulic devices visible by means of schematics (circuit diagrams) in which the various processes are
Multi-stroke hydrostatic motor
displacement unit perform several strokes (between four and eight or so) per revolution. These — with one exception — are radial piston units fitted with a stroke ring designed accordingly ( Figure M 8 ).
Feedback system for continuously adjustable valves
continuously adjustable valves: Barometric feedback – the simplest form of feedback. Mechanical feedback – primarily used in servo valves. Electric feedback – primarily used in proportional valves. The type [...] type of feedback system has a very strong impact on the dynamic behaviour of the internal ( Figure R 37 ).
Ramp generator
with a delay ( Figure R 10 ), resulting in a general voltage increase. The charging speed – and therefore the gradient of the ramp – may be influenced by a changing resistance (R).