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amplifier. It is possible to operate with the same pressure fluid and also with different pressure fluids (e.g. compressed air/ oil) in the two pressure systems.

Circular ring with an almost perfectly round cross section which is mainly used in fluids technology to seal machine parts when at rest ( Figure O 11 ). Its sealing action is achieved through axial or

Microemulsions : New type of concentrate made from a mixture of mineral oil components and synthetic fluids. Characteristics are still largely unknown.

Equation defined by Daniel Bernoulli (1700—1782) in 1738 for the steady-state flow of incompressible fluids and gasses free of friction. Bernoulli’s equation is a fundamental law derived from the principle

The oil samples needed to check the degree of contamination of hydraulic fluids must be taken in compliance with highly specific guidelines or the measurement results will not be representative for the

losses in gaps. The dynamic viscosity is a specific variable for every fluid and that for Newtonian fluids is dependent on the temperature and the pressure. Its unit is Pa · s. The old unit P (cP) is no longer

Fluids have the characteristic of dissolving certain amounts of gases. In mineral oil this ability increases linearly with pressure up to approx. 300 bar. Dalton's law states: V G = dissolved gas volume

Since actual fluids are compressible, they behave like a spring when pressure is applied to them: the higher the pressure, the more they are compressed and the smaller their volume becomes. The spring

with the same magnitude. This the basic law of hydrostatics . All force and pressure processes in fluids are based on this law. As the hydraulic fluid must be transported from the place it is generated [...] undesirable incorrect switching. In addition, there is of course also the behaviour of technical fluids that behave in accordance with laws: The viscosity of a fluid, The compressibility of a fluid, The

The viscosity of a Newtonian fluid changes as a factor of the temperature: For hydraulic fluids it decreases rapidly as the temperature rises and at low temperatures it approaches the pour point ( Figure