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Covers especially the characteristics of discrete time systems and therefore goes beyond analogue, linear control theory . Digital control theory has become very important due to the possibilities off

If contact seals must seal against moving surfaces, friction is produced that causes wear. The friction force necessary to overcome this friction reduces at the same time the movement force (e.g. pist

Flow control valve

A or more generally a transfer element with an input variable and an output variable is referred to as unstable (not stable from a transmission perspective) if the output variable associated with each

A flowing fluid exerts flow forces in the case of changes to the speed and/or direction, which are particularly noticeable on the control pistons (control spools) of directional valves . They increase

Flow rate , which builds up beneath a seal or guide ring as the fluid sticks on the moved metal surface by adhesion. The drag flow is responsible for the drag flow pressure , but also for leaks in int

Even an intact elastic seal will not always be tight. The reason for this is a complicated interplay involving drag flow , the direction of movement for the areas to be sealed, the shape and hardness

Highest frequency of a periodic signal at which the signal is still just processed without errors. Frequency limit of a signal component : Inverse of the sum of the minimum pulse duration and the mini

Transmission of power - hydraulic ( flow rate · pressure ) - mechanical (torque · angular speed) - electrical (current · voltage) from the generating part of a system (e.g. electric motor, hydraulic p

Oscillations of signal variables in the which arise when compensating for changes to the reference variable or disturbance variables . The control oscillations extend the transition phase.