Small signal range
range refers to input signals U E < 10 % U Nominal. The term itself is not a standard one. For a non-linear signal transmitter, the stationary and dynamic transfer function are dependent on the size of the
Series circuit
resistance ( Figure R 25 ). Therefore, for example, the required pressure increases with the length of the line and the number of valves passed through. In the case of series sub-circuits, several consumers ( cylinders
Silencer
of the fluid. In hydraulics : The silencer is intended to reduce the pressure fluctuations in the line downstream of the pump. To operate in the widest possible frequency range, the effects of the entire
Hoses
lines in fluid technology DIN 20 078 Hose assemblies in fluid technology DIN 20 024 Hoses and hose line testing in fluid technology Safety rules for hydraulic hose lines ZH 1/74, German Federation of I
System order
Systems are divided according to the order (priority) of the linear differential equations that they represent in systems of the 1st, 2nd, ... nth order. In doing so, the coefficients of higher-order elements
Constant pressure system
pressure-limiting valve ; variable pump with pressure controller which adjusts its delivery flow in line with consumption so the pressure in the system is kept constant. Systems with hydraulic accumulators
Reynolds number Re
forces of viscosity or friction in flowing Newtonian liquids. It depends on the flow velocity v, the line cross section d i related to a circular area and the kinematic viscosity v: The critical Reynolds
State equations
(u i), output variables (y i) and state variables (x i) can be pooled into vectors. In the case of linear, time-variable systems, the state equations can be represented as follows: The system matrix A describes
Hydraulics
Introducing pressurised fluid into cylinders causes the pistons and piston rods inside them to move in a linear direction. This movement is used for work processes and to drive machines. Hydraulic motors are used
State controller
ce response ( Figure Z 11 ). The observer control technology can also be used in the case of non-linear controllers ( Figure Z 12 ).