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Contraction A ‘1 of a flow rate when entering into a cross-section constriction. It arises when the wall of cross-section A 1 is removed ( Figure S 98 ). The jet contraction becomes smaller as the tra

Pressure necessary to start the functioning of a device or system (DIN 24 312).

A special case of specific impedance is characteristic acoustic impedance Z 0, which is designated as the wave resistance of the medium. Z 0 is the quotient of the sound pressure and the sound particl

Device to deliver signals which change over time in the form of adjustable voltages with a sinusoidal, rectangular or triangular form, amongst others. Signal generators with computer-assisted, program

Throttles as an independent element in the context of flow resistances are used to change a flow rate. A differentiation is made between constant throttles with the two forms of nozzle and orifice tha

Filter that is built into the high-pressure line, i.e. after the pump. It is an advantage that only the pump delivery flow must pass through it and that the following components are protected (Figure

Natural frequency is the natural frequency of a second order delay element designed to be damping-free, If a system capable of oscillation such as a spring-mass system is prompted to oscillate as a re

Range of measured values that can be read on a measuring instrument. This range is not necessarily identical to the measuring range .

To reduce the switching time (or to increase the stroke force) in the case of DC solenoids, the operating voltage is increased up to a factor of two. To prevent damage to the solenoid, however, the sw

Primary element of a transducer, which directly determines the measured variable and converts it into a mechanical or electrical signal suitable for further processing. In practice, the term sensor is