Frequency response
Characterises the transient response of a linear system in the frequency range. It is independent on the type of system excitation, i.e. it is irrelevant whether a system is excited by a periodic or transient [...] transient input signal . If, on a linear system, a harmonic oscillation is provided as the input signal , the is also a harmonic oscillation that has, however, a different amplitude and a different phase
Equivalent time constant
time defined by the time from the arrival of the control signal to the intersection of the inflection line with the abscissa and the Settling time T g as the time defined by the intersections of the inflection
Stepper motor
used to directly and digitally activate electro-hydraulic torque amplifiers or electro-hydraulic linear amplifiers.
Hydro-mechanical closed loop control
copying attachment and the amplification of torque for stepper motors or DC motors by torque and linear amplifiers , in agricultural machines (e.g. ploughing depth feedback control) (Figure M 4).
Leakage, leak
eccentricity. A leakage in continuously adjustable valves is the flow rate from the pressure line to the return line where sealed working lines are involved. With continuously adjustable directional valves
Pressure flow characteristic of throttle shapes
characteristic of the flow. As (Figure D 89) shows, with a rectangular cross-section (a) there is a linear dependency between flow rate and adjustment travel. A triangular cross-section (b) has, with a low
Transmission method
bits: In the case of series data transfers over a telephone line, a distinction is made between two operating modes: If an individual telephone line is used to send data in both directions, this is called [...] take place either in be parallel or in series. In the case of parallel transmission, one channel (one line) per bit is required, whereas in series transmission, only one channel is needed, with the individual [...] called half-duplex operation If the sender and receiver modules are connected via two lines and each line is intended for data transfer in just one direction, this is called full duplex (or simply duplex) traffic
Filter disposition
arrangement of various filters as protective or working filters (purification filters), e.g. a return line filter of adequate size at the point in the system where contamination can be produced or enter the
Fine control of flow
valves straight control edges with high precision are used (zero cut, (Figure F 7) ) that provide a linear opening stroke characteristic curve. However, a progressive characteristic is better for fine control
Incremental position measurement
the increments from a single point of reference. The increments are applied as a bar pattern on a linear scale ( graduated glass scale ) or a disc ( incremental position encoder) and optically scanned (Figure