Stiction of seals
Friction of seals to be overcome at the start of a movement (Figure H 1) . It is dependent on both the form of the seal (preload) and the seal material and on the service life of the seal: during longer [...] inactivity, the oil film under the seal is squeezed away allowing dry friction to predominate (Figure H 2) . Stiction of seals is particularly evident during stick-slip movements and during oscillating movements
Beta value (β value)
filter with a specific pressure drop (Figure B 13) : Therefore at β x = 1 no particles are removed; 50 % of the particles are removed at β x = 2. The minimum practical value aimed for today β x = 75 then means
Air in oil
1. Providing the air is dissolved in the oil, it will not affect its characteristics. 2. Undissolved air, i.e. bubbles, cause the following: signs of corrosion on pumps and controls, increased compressibility [...] dissolves in oil in proportion to the pressure (up to around 300 bar). This means that dissolved air at low pressure is released until the saturation limit is reached (e.g. after the throttles). Since the [...] increases again, with the consequences outlined above. During assembly work, air infiltrates the circuit at places in the negative pressure (suction) area which are not properly tight and when oil is flowing
Adjustment of displacement machines
whereas the output variable of the pump or motor is still subject to interference, e.g. leakage losses - and is therefore controlled. In practice, this method of observation does not correspond to the standard
Tank
contamination and air, quietening). Is used at the same time to remove dissipated heat , however it is only suitable for this task to a limited degree (Table B 1) . As the tank is manufactured of thin material
Hydraulic half bridges
dividers). A flow rate Q A and a pressure p A will apply between two hydraulic resistances connected in series, based on the two resistance values and the load at the output. These circuit arrangements are
Calculating the sound power
regard to the noise emissions at the installation location. As a rough guide, it may be assumed that the hydraulics of a machine, considering all secondary measures will be at least 5 dB(A) higher in a free [...] calculation of the sound power is performed amongst other things in accordance with the DIN 45 635 Part 1 framework ( Figure S 11 ) and DIN EN 23 741. The sound power of a machine calculated under measurement [...] free field than the pump in a soundproof room. The increase during installation will again be at least 5 dB(A). This means that in order to keep within 85 dB(A), the pump must not exceed 75 dB(A) in a
Switching methods for hydraulic pumps
circuits ). Series circuit : Pump 1 leads to pump 2. This circuit is used to improve the filling of a high-pressure pump or to reach a higher output pressure at pump 2 (e.g. in the case of some internal
Slow speed high torque motor
smoothly at very low rotation speeds without any need for transmission. The term slow speed high torque motor is not strictly defined, but it is restricted to a rotation speed range not exceeding 1 to 150—250
Tachogenerator
generated in this way is proportional to the rotation speed over a wide range ( Figure T 1 ). Advantage: Can be used at low rotation speeds. Disadvantage: The collector with brushes requires regular maintenance [...] is induced in the stator winding, whose amplitude is proportional to the rotation speed ( Figure T 2 ). Advantage: Low maintenance Disadvantage: Measurement voltage must be rectified; not suitable for