Hydraulic motor
p L and the displacement V 2: In general, all pumps (with the exception of valve-controlled pumps) can now also be used as high-speed hydraulic motors. In addition, there is also a range of special designs
Operating modes of drives
also provide braking (e.g. deceleration or lowering braking). In addition, the direction of rotation can also be reversed. The combination of these possibilities yields, transferred to Cartesian co-ordinates
Circulation losses in hydraulic systems
circulation valve ( directional valve ) and the filter into the container. These circulation losses can be almost completely avoided by using a pressure/flow control for the pump.
Dual variable pump
control ). In this case there is also a drive shaft throughout the controller, to which further pumps can be connected. In the case of a design according to the swash plate principle, the pistons of both cylinder
Feedback
generally taken from a mechanical (fluid) variable using appropriate measuring devices . However, it can also be determined based on algorithms from mathematical models. Another characteristic used to distinguish
Program
controlled in relation to the task (DIN 66 257). In principle, the program for a binary or digital control can be defined either in terms of the type of functional elements and their connections ( hard-wire programmed
Hydraulics
familiar types of mechanical, electric and pneumatic transmission systems. In many applications, these can be used as completely alternative or hybrid solutions, depending on the requirements. In general, the
Separation capability
s the ability of a hydraulic fluid to separate out undissolved air (air bubbles). Undissolved air can primarily enter the pressure medium due to leaks, turbulence in the tank or due to cavitation in the
Orifice
dependent on the pressure difference and not the viscosity . The approximate flow rate through an orifice can be determined with the aid of Bernoulli's equation: The simplest orifice is washer with hole of diameter
Electro-hydraulic control technology
has already been in use for some time, all control system-related developments in microelectronics can be used in hydraulics, up to and including continuous digital signal processing. The term "electro