Operating conditions
values for the individual variables that occur in a specific operating state of a system. The variables may change during operation (CETOP RP 100). As rule the operating conditions include the stipulated performance
Proportional solenoid
preferred in most cases because of the significantly shorter switching time. Proportional solenoids may be controlled in respect of force, distance or position. As far as force control is concerned, the [...] signal . The solenoid can also be used, however, in a closed circuit position control system , which may significantly improve the response sensitivity and reversal error too ( Figure P 20 ). Other aspects
Series-production cylinder
rod diameter. Apart from a few exceptions, the piston strokes are not specified. Series cylinders may also include unusual cylinder designs, such as flat cylinders or bellows cylinders if they are offered
Linear control theory
mathematical description of the transfer function of controlled subsystems and . Linear control theory may only be applied to non-linear relationships therefore if at the operating point linearisation has already
Hydraulic motors subject to secondary control
range of the favourable efficiencies ; the installed power may be small due to the accumulator; when reversing the motor, the braking energy may be fed back to the network. The secondary control should not
HFC pressure fluids
water at a ratio of around 60:40. HFC pressure fluids have a viscosity of 30 to 45 mm2/s at 50°C and may be used instead of mineral oils without changing devices. Sole restriction: roller bearings have a
Micro-emulsion
reaching the colloid dispersion range — than commercially available macro-emulsions. Micro-emulsions may only be used instead of mineral oil in power hydraulic systems if due consideration is paid to the
Pressure gauge
Device for measuring pressure levels in fluid media. They may function directly (e.g. vertical column pressure gauge ) or indirectly, whereby elastic deflections, for example, are used to record the pressure
Vibration fatigue limit of a system
A system is able to handle oscillations –– i.e. oscillations may occur –– if a periodic exchange of energy takes place between two energy stores (spring-mass system, e.g. a hydrostatic transmission, in
Servo technology
output variable to a defined factor of what is normally a very weak input signal. The signal processing may be mechanical (e.g. copying) or electrical (electronic). This field is more accurately named elect