Decompression shock
If a chamber at pressure p is suddenly connected to a drain line (e.g. on switching over a directional valve ) then the compression energy stored in the fluid is suddenly released, as a result the compression [...] compression volume at the start meets at high speed the column of fluid in the drain line and causes there a measurable and audible pressure increase ( energy content of a hydraulic fluid).
Speed characteristic of hydraulic motors
rate supplied Q 1 to the displacement of the motor V 2: The highest rotation speed is reached on fixed displacement motors at Q 1max and on variable displacement motors at the V 2min at which the internal [...] internal friction can still just be overcome. The lowest rotation speed is reached if Q 1 is just greater than the leakage, or if the shaft still just runs evenly due to the relative delivery fluctuation of [...] on axial piston machines with 7 pistons approx. 28 rev/min. and with 9 pistons approx. 16 rev/min.). At lower rotation speeds the relative delivery fluctuation can be corrected with the aid of a control
Accumulator drive
in which a hydraulic accumulator performs the task of providing energy at power peaks. This can be used to select the flow rate Q 1 of the pump according to the average consumption V N during a working [...] a reaction. The disadvantage is the power loss, which results when the load pressure p L and accumulator pressure p Sp are not the same size and throttle or pressure-reducing valves have to be used (storage
Load pressure difference
Pressure difference between the working openings at a management or . It is referred to as positive if the inlet pressure is higher than the return line pressure. With synchronizing cylinders , the load [...] load pressure difference is equivalent to the load pressure p L.
Clamping pressure
Pressure p A or p B in the operating ports A or B with a load that is not subjected to load and hydraulic zero. The clamping pressure is then equal to half the sum pressure . This statement does not apply [...] pressure valves ! (DIN 24 311). The clamping pressure arises due to the throttling of the flow rate at the control elements (nozzles, edges of the valve control spool/slot) in the working lines to an unloaded
Single or separate drive for machines
constant pumps with Q k it is a disadvantage that the installed power P max is only required at one operating point (at p max , i.e. at corner power ). If, on the other hand, variable pumps with power controllers
Force: impulse, signal: pulse
mass point is equal to the force F applied to it. 2. When investigating control circuit elements, idealised rectangular functions and the like are applied at the input and response functions from the transfer [...] 1. Product of the weight m and velocity v for a mass point: The impulse/pulse is vectorial variable; its direction is same as the velocity involved. The time differential quotient for the impulse/pulse [...] referred to as a pulse or shock function. These kinds of test signals were thoroughly investigated by P. A. M. Dirac. They are also referred to therefore as a Dirac pulse or Delta function or even a unit
Noise measurement
the noise level p and noise intensity I. The noise measurement serves to determine the noise power of devices (noise emissions) on the one hand and the noise pressure or noise level at certain locations
Force vs. pressure
In a closed hydrostatic system (closed box without moving in the fluid) pressure p is constant at each point. The pressure F is calculated as the force F per unit area A and the number of cylinders ic
Friction conditions
0.5; Mixed friction (b) occurs in the transitional area between solid and liquid friction, μ = 0.1 to 0.2. Mixed friction is characterised by the simultaneous presence of areas with lubricating film and [...] c mechanisms of action. A distinction is made between three different friction conditions ( Figure R 23 ): Solid dry friction (a) arises due to adhesion and deformation in the case of direct contact between