O-ring seal
terms of the initial sealing performance generates the necessary preload . It is made from elastomers based on very narrow tolerances and a very high surface quality. ISO 3601 and DIN 3771 define the main variables
Optical fibre technology
electrical and electromagnetic interference. As a result, modern bus lines are increasingly being based on optical fibre technology. Optical fibres and power cables can be laid side by side. In general
Variable pump, variable motor
Displacement machine in which the geometric displacement per cycle can be changed. For design-based reasons, this is only possible for vane and piston constructions. Variable pumps can be adjusted from
Energy conversion
selected that on electrical systems signifies rectification or frequency conversion, while on fluid-based systems a pump or a compressor is required. The drive element in electrical systems is the electric
Rotary flow divider
into two or more equal or unequal sub-flows. It consists of a suitable number of displacement units based on gears or pistons, whose shafts are rigidly connected to one another ( Figure R 36 ). Rotary flow
Identification of a system
analytical step on which the configuration, structuring and parameterisation of a controller are based. It acts like a kind of automated analysis of system parameters. It can take place within a time or
Viscosity
In order to compare the viscosity of different fluids, they must relate to a uniform temperature based on their viscosity/temperature behaviour . This is done using viscosity classes .
Phase-frequency response
In graphical terms, it is mainly represented as a Bode diagram along with the amplitude response based on the value, expressed in logarithmic terms, for the frequency f or the angular frequency ω ( Figure
Describing function
the input oscillation. The determination of the fundamental oscillation of the output oscillation based on Fourier analysis or a suitable measuring method represents a certain linearisation of the non-linear
Programming methods
manual programming, which is becoming less important, other direct methods include various learning-based methods. The most significant of these is the teach-in mode and variations of it. The indirect methods