Surface roughness
does not say anything about whether the profile is "open" — which is not good for seals ( Figure O 1 a ) — or "closed" — and therefore good for seals ( b ) — the R t value for the profile must always be
Throttle valve
difference at the throttle: the smaller the pressure difference Δp between the (constant) inlet pressure p 1 and the (variable) outlet pressure (load pressure) p L, the lower the flow. With a constant inlet pressure
Oscilloscope
which uses a nib or ink jet to write on graph paper and is suitable for processes of up to around 1 Hz. The light-beam oscilloscope mainly uses UV light, which is deflected by a fine mirror secured to
State equations
differential equations or differential equations and standard equations, by introducing state variables x 1(t)...x n(t) as intermediate variables, this can always be converted into a system of differential equations
Pressure switches
Devices that close or open electrical contacts in the event of pressure load (DIN ISO 1219-1). They are generally used if an electrical switching command or status signal should be issued when a set (
Calculating the sound power
calculation of the sound power is performed amongst other things in accordance with the DIN 45 635 Part 1 framework ( Figure S 11 ) and DIN EN 23 741. The sound power of a machine calculated under measurement
Control with throttle
used (Figure D 46) . In a hydraulic system with constant pumps the flow rate not required Q V (Q V = Q 1 – Q N) is fed back to the tank (Figure D 47) . The power converted into heat at the throttling point
Solenoid
switch-on time. The switch-off time is dependent on the unlocking time and the spring force (Table E 1) . AC solenoids are primarily manufactured as dry switching solenoids (switching in air) as well as
Semiconductor memory
intervals (of a few ms). This occurs automatically via the processor. DRAM is currently available up to 1 Mbit. Static RAM, SRAM : The storage cells consist of bistable circuitry elements with a functionality
Diagnostic systems
possible solutions for setting up diagnostic systems - depending on the emphasis of the task (Table D 1) . Unambiguous diagnostics are often only possible if several measured signals are evaluated at the