Identification of a system
gains within the individual blocks. The result is the respective model of open loop system (Figure I 1) . In this process, the identification of a system is an analytical step on which the configuration
Hydrostatic traction drive
that almost all torque is available, even at a low motor speed (= lowest accelerator pedal setting f 1) (Figure H 28) . This also applies to the braking torque. Using a limit load control prevents the combustion
Nominal mode of operation
describes the basic loading of an electrical machine. It is defined in international standard IEC 60034-1. It helps provide an initial assessment of whether a component (motor, hydraulic power pack) is suitable
Power limiting
drive involves combustion engines, i.e. with variable rotation speed, the torque M 1 will be kept constant the same way by V 1 adjusting itself to the changing pressure. If more than one pump is being used
Servo motor
characteristics: Uniform movements over a large range of speeds, velocities and loads (often more than 1:1,000). This means that the displacement, oil leakage flows and friction moments should be independent
Noise level L p
therefore the measuring distance must always be stated along with the noise level (for humans: normally 1 m). In practice, calculating the noise level of a deployed machine is problematic: cf. Noise measurement
Double acting cylinder
Cylinder in which a pressure difference can act in both directions (forward and return stroke) ( ISO 1219-1 ). Double-acting cylinders have two surfaces that act in opposite directions. The surfaces are of the
Fieldbus
generally uses the 7-layer ISO/OSI architecture model is limited in fieldbus to layer 1 (physical layer), layer 2 (data link layer) and layer 7 (application layer). As the hardware for communication, in
Velocity measurement
generator To measure angular velocities, essentially DC generators have been used up to now (Figure G 9 a) . Even at low rotation speed these devices provide a DC signal that can be evaluated without problems [...] the output voltage, the rotor must have as many poles as possible. AC generator AC generators (Figure G 9 b) are maintenance-free as they do not require commutation. A sinusoidal output voltage is induced [...] provided by using an inductive sensor. It comprises a coil around which there are rod magnets (Figure G 9 c) . If magnetic material is moved past a pole on the magnet, there is a change in the magnetic flux
Transmission method
tion information. An asynchronous data unit is therefore framed by an individual start bit and 1, 1½ or 2 stop bits: In the case of series data transfers over a telephone line, a distinction is made between