Velocity control
the flow rate not required out of the circuit via flow valves ( throttle valve , 2 or 3-way flow control valves , (Figure G 10) ) or continuously adjustable directional valves (proportional, high response
Volume increase on temperature rise
expansion coefficient βT. For hydraulic oil, the expansion coefficient can be assumed to be 0.7*10-3 1/K. Calculate the volume increase on temperature rise directly and easily in our hydraulic calculator
Transmitter (unit transducer)
elements, which can be adjusted externally and issues a standard output signal from 0 to 20 mA (or 0.2 to 1 bar standard pneumatic signal) ( Figure T 16 ).
Load sensing system
compensator or the LS controller for the pump and compared with the system pressure p 1 . The system pressure p 1 is controlled via adjustments reflecting the load-sensing pressure difference Δp LS ( control [...] the system pressure p 1 , whereas this element in the circuit with the variable pump is not even made available at this stage as a result of an adjustment to the flow rate for pump Q 1 . The individual pressure [...] combination with the proportional directional valve ( measuring throttle ), forms a continuously adjustable 2-way flow control valve , which means that load-independent flow rate control also applies to consumers
Hoses
wire braiding or spirals, which are embedded in intermediate layers of elastic materials ( Figure S 24 ). The hoses in hydraulic systems are wearing parts, whose strength is reduced, amongst other things [...] DIN 20 024 Hoses and hose line testing in fluid technology Safety rules for hydraulic hose lines ZH 1/74, German Federation of Institutions for Statutory Accident Insurance and Prevention
Labyrinth seal
gap length is increased by the contour of the gap assuming a meandering or zigzag pattern ( Figure L 1 ). Labyrinth seals — mainly filled with grease — are used in hydraulics to protect roller bearings in
Force: impulse, signal: pulse
1. Product of the weight m and velocity v for a mass point: The impulse/pulse is vectorial variable; its direction is same as the velocity involved. The time differential quotient for the impulse/pulse [...] e associated with a mass point is equal to the force F applied to it. 2. When investigating control circuit elements, idealised rectangular functions and the like are applied at the input and response
Hamming distance d
distance of d = 1; single errors producing a signal change at just one binary position will cause them to look like another code word (Figure) . A code string with a Hamming distance of d = 2 offers greater
Piston
upon which the pressure of the medium acts and thereby generates a compressive force. F K = p 1 · A K — p 2 · A R Since friction occurs during the piston movement (particularly at the seals ), the force
Annular gear pump/motor
one another and that the rotor has one tooth less than the gear ring (e.g. 6 as opposed to 7 (Figure Z 2). During the movement of a rotor teeth from one hole in the ring to another, each chamber fills and