Indexing ratios when using flow dividers
flow is multiplied by the indexing ratio, therefore in practical use, an indexing ratio of up to 4:1 is still reasonable.
Natural frequency fo
excitation is based on the natural frequency ( f = f o), the phase angle = —90o and the amplitude will be 1/2 the initial amplitude where f = 0. With a high response proportional valve, the natural frequency for
Flow coefficient αD
resistances with A = geometrically smallest flow cross-section, ρ = density of the pressure fluid p 1 - p 2 = pressure before the pressure resistance minus pressure after the flow resistance. The flow coefficient
Velocity of sound pressure waves
dependent on its air content. In pure oil it is approx. 1 500 m/s and drops rapidly with undissolved air in the oil. For this reason an average value of 1 300 m/s is used in the majority of cases. In hose lines
Safety circuit
German Institutions for Statutory Accident Insurance and Prevention (e.g. for hydraulic presses: ZH 1/457).
Tachogenerator
direct current generated in this way is proportional to the rotation speed over a wide range ( Figure T 1 ). Advantage: Can be used at low rotation speeds. Disadvantage: The collector with brushes requires [...] is induced in the stator winding, whose amplitude is proportional to the rotation speed ( Figure T 2 ). Advantage: Low maintenance Disadvantage: Measurement voltage must be rectified; not suitable for
Dynamic viscosity
temperature and the pressure. Its unit is Pa · s. The old unit P (cP) is no longer allowed. Conversion: 1 cP = 1 mPa · s.
Transmission speed
signals transferred over a data channel per unit of time (DIN 19 226 Part 5). At a cycle frequency of 1 kHz, in the case of series data transmission, this results in a transfer of 1,000 Bit/s or 1,000 baud
Energy content of hydraulic fluid
pressure + geodetic pressure. This equation yields the related energy element as The last term ρ · g · h can generally be ignored in hydraulics, as it is mostly only a few tenths of a bar. The kinetic [...] process can be significant. Example: ΔV k = 1.0 L; p = 300 bar; compression energy: 15 · 103 Nm. If this 1 L flows away in 0.5 s, a power of approx. 30 kW is released.
Parallel circuit / connected in parallel
flow rate in the individual branches is divided up in inverse proportion to the resistance ( Figure P 1 ). The arrangement of devices in a parallel circuit, also referred to as redundancy, improves reliability [...] the element with the lowest resistance (load, friction) to overcome starts the movement ( Figure P 2 ). The next actuator only follows suit when the pressure at this point increases.