Compression volume ΔVK
ity of oil. The strain volume associated with the container wall stills needs to be added. It is often possible to disregard this with steel, although not with pressure hoses . This gives for the oil and [...] determine the size of pump. Example: an increase time of 5 s in the above case would require a pump with 12 dm3/s.
Proportional solenoid
the current for a stroke of close to zero (used with pressure valves ). As far as distance control is concerned, the magnetic force acts against a spring with a working stroke of 2 to 3 mm. In order to reduce [...] DC solenoid with an almost horizontal force-stroke characteristic curve in the operating range and which can be controlled in proportion to voltage or current ( Figure P 19 ). The latter is preferred in [...] sensitivity and reversal error too ( Figure P 20 ). Other aspects are the greater stiffness compared with other types of influences and a high level of repetition accuracy, repeatability .
Reynolds number Re
smooth gaps 1,000 to 1,050 concentric gap with recesses 700 eccentric gap with recesses 400 rotary vanes (spigots) 550 to 750 valve ports of spools 250 to 275 valves with flat or conical seat 25 to 100 Calculate [...] transition from laminar to turbulent flow, which has a value of Re = 2,300 under ideal conditions with a smooth pipe. In the case of other, more complex cross sections, part of the transition takes place
Radial piston motors
formation in a cylinder block. As with radial piston pumps a distinction is made between internal and external pressurization in the designs. Radial piston motors with internal pressurization : These are [...] Design of hydraulic motors with a radial arrangement of pistons . Radial piston motors are predominantly slow speed high torque motors in which several pistons are positioned perpendicular to the drive [...] 12 strokes/rev, which results in displacement that is too great for the task. Radial piston motors with external pressurization : In this case, the stroke movement is created by an eccentric tappet on the
Average torque
basis during a revolution. The effective rate of torque will fluctuate in line with this, with an average emerging accordingly ( relative delivery fluctuation ). This fluctuation is much more noticeable [...] With all hydraulic motors of the vane and piston type that have an odd number of displacement chambers, the smaller and larger section will find themselves within the pressure range on an alternating basis
Closed centre system
pumps ) or On variable pumps with power limiting and pressure limitation set to minimum flow at pressure or On a variable pump with p/Q control system set to minimum flow with a different pressure above
Primary control
) constant torque, with power increasing to the maximum level ( Figure P 16 ). The resulting adjustment range for rotation speed is as follows: while the torque ratio would be: with the displacement V [...] In a hydrostatic transmission , the pump can be adjusted and the motor is associated with constant displacement . The drive rotation speed is therefore proportional to the flow rate for the pump, i.e.
Flat seals
cross section. Moulded seals with a large surface (e.g. cylinder head seals) are also flat seals. Flat seals are made from almost all materials suitable for seals: Metals with or without padding and non-metallic [...] Collective term for seals with a low height compared to the sealing surface and that adapt to the sealing surface over their entire width. They therefore generally have a more or less rectangular cross
Measuring instruments
distinction is made between measuring instruments with direct output (measuring instruments performing registration or counting tasks, measuring instruments with a display based on a scale or digits) and measuring [...] measuring instruments involved in some kind of transmission (measuring instruments with indirect output such as measuring amplifiers , and measuring converters ) (VDI 24 2600).
Electro-hydraulic control technology
linking, saving and amplifying electrical signals , ease of compliance with priorities as well as the design of redundant circuits with hydraulic systems. The alternative is: mechanical-hydraulic or pneu [...] Collective term for all hydraulic feedback controls with electrical (electronic) signal processing. As the to the hydraulics - the servo valves and proportional valves - has already been in use for some [...] term "electro-hydraulic control technology" is to be preferred over the term "servo technology", as with the latter the reference to the hydraulic application is missing. Electro-hydraulic control technology