LAN
possible for networks with a star topology or a fully intermeshed structure. With this scenario, two stations are always connected using a transmission medium of their own. With shared use, all devices [...] More than one local network may be connected with each other in the same private area. A gateway to the public network can be arranged to allow communication with remote local networks too. A LAN is used for [...] rights for the possessor of the token. With stochastic bus access, each bus node wishing to send something begins its transmission when things seem to be right with the bus. This may result in data collisions
Position measurement process
either with coded rulers or with ultrasound. For processes with rulers (e.g. graded glass rulers) a distinction is made between incremental and digital absolute systems. For cylinder drives with position [...] processes ( Figure W 6 ). In analogue position measurement processes, the resistance position measurement (with potentiometer) is commonly used for lengths of up to around 1 m and inductive position measurement
Pipe screw connections
together with the elastic sealing rings and the frictional connection between the fitting and the pipe. Flare tube fittings with a metallic seal, connectors with a UNF thread, in accordance with SAE 7514/ISO [...] include a threaded pin to screw in to device bore on one end, with the pipe pushed into the other end. Screw-in thread in accordance with DIN 3852. Fittings: These include connection elements on both sides [...] performs the holding function according to the cutting ring principle in connection with the union nut. Fitting with clamping ring (c) : The connection is made by a fine-ribbed clamping ring, which only
Servo-suction valve
half open hydraulic circuit. Normally with cylinder drives with a pulling load, throttling is performed at the side with the piston load until a balance is reached with the load.
Welded nipple fitting
. Welded nipple pipe screw fittings with connectors and union nuts are standardised in DIN 2353. The welded nipples with O-rings are in accordance with DIN 3865.
Circuit diagram
and –– together with the function diagram — forms the basis of the search for an error. The schematic is designed in accordance with DIN 24 347 and using switching symbols in accordance with DIN ISO 1219 [...] Illustration of a system with symbols (previously: switching symbols) to illustrate the order of the individual devices and their functional workflow. The circuit diagram must therefore allow the iden
Throttle forms
differentiation is made between constant throttles with the two forms of nozzle and orifice that each have a pre-defined bore. There are also adjustable throttles with a changing cross-section that can have different [...] The most common form of variable throttles are needle throttles, the longitudinal notch with orifice and with triangle, the peripheral notch and the slotted throttle.
Stiffness of actuators
hydraulic motor with a high response proportional valve, the stiffness ("torsional stiffness") is a function of the displacement volume V 2 and the enclosed volume of liquid V 0 on one side: with E ‘ = compression [...] pipelines. In the case of a synchronizing cylinder with a high response proportional valve, the minimum stiffness is located in the middle position of the piston: with V = volume under pressure, A R = annular area [...] – the influence of the ratio of the piston surface area to the annular area: with A K = piston surface area. Cylinders with a large active area and small stroke can be very stiff. In the case of high pressures
Technical cybernetics
Deals with the theoretical observation of the dynamic behaviour of technical systems in the broadest sense. For example, as a technical system with a certain dynamic performance, which is highly non-linear [...] state changes. However, cybernetics deals not only with system theory, but also the control and feedback control characteristics of these processes, i.e. with their internal transfer and processing of information
Signal amplifier
with auxiliary energy, which amplifies the power. Example: Pneumatic pressure amplifier, electrical amplifier, for example with a signal voltage at the input and a signal current at the output with a higher