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fluid to cover the surface over which it is distributed to a greater or lesser degree. Hydraulic fluids with good wetting ability adhere better to the surface. As a consequence the lubricating film has

Circular ring with an almost perfectly round cross section which is mainly used in fluids technology to seal machine parts when at rest ( Figure O 11 ). Its sealing action is achieved through axial or

amplifier. It is possible to operate with the same pressure fluid and also with different pressure fluids (e.g. compressed air/ oil) in the two pressure systems.

The oil samples needed to check the degree of contamination of hydraulic fluids must be taken in compliance with highly specific guidelines or the measurement results will not be representative for the

Microemulsions : New type of concentrate made from a mixture of mineral oil components and synthetic fluids. Characteristics are still largely unknown.

Equation defined by Daniel Bernoulli (1700—1782) in 1738 for the steady-state flow of incompressible fluids and gasses free of friction. Bernoulli’s equation is a fundamental law derived from the principle

losses in gaps. The dynamic viscosity is a specific variable for every fluid and that for Newtonian fluids is dependent on the temperature and the pressure. Its unit is Pa · s. The old unit P (cP) is no longer

Fluids have the characteristic of dissolving certain amounts of gases. In mineral oil this ability increases linearly with pressure up to approx. 300 bar. Dalton's law states: V G = dissolved gas volume

Since actual fluids are compressible, they behave like a spring when pressure is applied to them: the higher the pressure, the more they are compressed and the smaller their volume becomes. The spring

Compression losses are caused by the compressibility of the hydraulic fluid. In the case of hydraulic fluids, the volumetric losses are described by the volumetric efficiency (cf. power losses ).