Magnetic filter
Filter with a permanent magnetic element for retaining ferromagnetic particles. Magnetic filters are often combined with fleece or screen filters and thereby increase the amount of contamination they retain
Safety of a system
are made, namely: "special information on technical values and measures, compliance with which – in the interaction with other technical measures –– should ensure that by keeping within the tolerable risk [...] safety measures and strictly comply with his obligations in terms of the regulations. In hydraulic systems : Due to the compressibility of the medium in connection with the high pressure, this means that [...] safety measures also serve to increase reliability ( Figure S 55 ). In this context, in accordance with DIN 31 004 "Safety is a situation, in which the residual risk of a failure is smaller than the tolerable
Laplace transformation
used, into algebraic operations with associated frequency functions. Laplace transformation is mainly used to solve differential equations in control technology. With Laplace transformation, a function [...] Laplace transformation is a method for solving linear differential equations with constant coefficients based on given initial conditions. It can also be used for fault functions which give the value zero
Contamination of the hydraulic fluid
surfaces. Therefore, hydraulic fluids must be filtered. Contamination with foreign liquids occurs through the entry of water, mixing with other hydraulic fluids or lubricants. The contamination may already [...] a hydraulic system. It can be caused by solid particles and/or dissolved foreign matter, by mixing with foreign liquids, or by air entering the hydraulic fluid. The solid particles may be hard or soft.
Hydromechanical efficiency
These give a total loss torque M V With hydraulic pumps, this loss torque must also be counted in addition to the theoretical torque (Figure H 11) : which in turn gives With hydraulic motors by contrast, the [...] the usable torque is reduced by the loss torque (Figure H 12) : which gives With hydraulic cylinders, most friction is caused by the seal (F Re); which in this case gives Total efficiency, power losses
Plug-in valve
Valve on which the housing is in the form of a cartridge and with port openings that are aligned with the ports in the installation space (e.g. 2-way plug-in valve).
Round sealing rings
Collective term for seals with a round or almost round cross section. The most important is the O-ring. Another is the Quad-ring along with others within this group ( Figure R 40 ).
Pressure independent flow control
throttle function ( throttle valve , continuous directional valve) with a (control throttle) that provides a load pressure independent flow rate with a magnitude defined by the throttle position.
Overlap in valves
In general : For control elements with a piston design, this states the seal length between the allocated control edges ( Figure U 1 ). in rest position, together with the size of the gap, it determines [...] of the characteristic curve . For directional valves the length of the control piston in comparison with the ring nuts results in three variations: Positive overlap : The piston is longer than the ring nut [...] movement ( Figure U 1 b ). Zero overlap (zero cut) : The control edges of the piston and ring nut meet with a high degree of accuracy. In this position, there is no flow rate (apart from leaked oil), but it
Analogue control
signals in the signal processing and that also uses with progressive function elements. An example is the analogue position control shown in (Figure A 17) with absolute measuring procedure (inductive position