Compression energy EK
assume that a constant bulk modulus and isothermal compression apply. The result is as follows: where V K = Compression volume With gases, the compression energy is dependent on the thermodynamic change of
Run up time constant To
control valve system. Based on ⅔ of the motor's rated speed, the run up time constant To for, say, a 50 kW axial piston motor would be around 0.2 s (the run up time constant To for an electric motor with the
Constant flow system
pumps (in a closed circuit, with a variable pump ) and can only operate one load at a time ( Figure K 30 ). If there is more than one load in a system, these must be connected in such a way that they can
Velocity of sound pressure waves
Velocity of the transmission of pressure in a fluid (speed of sound). It is dependent on the bulk modulus K of the medium and its density ρ: In air in the normal state it is 333 m/s. In mineral oil it is dependent
Releasable check valve
also be opened against the locking direction if required. This action occurs via a control piston (K 2) that is dimensioned so that it can open the valve cone against the system pressure. A distinction
Accumulator consumption diagram
size in order to replace the removed usable volume before the end of the working cycle: The factor k (approx. 1.25) serves to relieve the burden on the pump during part of the working cycle.
Piston rings for sealing
, it has the advantage of showing very little wear and also being able to slide over bores (Figure K 18) . On the negative side, the piston ring's lack of suppleness as a contact seal means it has practically
Piston seal
These days, it is becoming increasingly common in hydraulics as well to use compact seals (Figure K 22) that provide a seal at both sides. Featuring vulcanised or inserted guide rings, these form complete
Cascaded (multi loop) control system
position, one or more other variables such as the velocity and/or acceleration are also fed back (Figure K 2) . The decisive factor is the type of feedback involved. With the cascaded (multi loop) control system
Pipe capacity
increased by the elasticity of the walls and any undissolved air in the oil. The equivalent bulk modulus K’ ( bulk modulus ) concerns these characteristics in respect of a pipe filled with oil. If the enclosed