Performance map
states recorded by the parameters. Performance maps may be represented as Dürer's shell curves (Figure K 8 a) or in three dimensions (b) .
Kv factor (speed/stroke gain)
Figure K 42 ). Kv is also a measure of the stiffness and accuracy of a drive. Kv is limited by the stability of the control circuit, which can be simplified and calculated as follows ( Figure K 43 ): At
Return line filter
selected according to the largest flow rate present. This occurs when refluxing a cylinder . with A K = piston surface area, c R = return velocity.
Pulse code modulation
strengths, but by encryption using a binary code. The sampling frequency was internationally set at 8 kHz and the number of amplitude values is limited to 256 (8-Bit codeword) ( Figure P 33 ).
Piston type accumulator
Hydraulic accumulator with a free-moving piston as a separator between gas and hydraulic fluid (Figure K 19) . Since there is no separating wall made of rubber, the fatigue resistance is greater than for
Copying attachment
controls whereby the tool follows the instructions taken from a template (or a sample workpiece) ( Figure K 31 ). The core element of a copying attachment during mechanical sampling is the copying valve and during
Cavitation erosion
surface. The result is a greater or lesser loss of material, causing surfaces to develop craters (Figure K 3) . The risk of cavitation erosion is much higher when water rather than mineral oils is used as the
Positioning error
the continuously adjustable valve is 100 % open. The positioning error therefore gets smaller as the K v-Factor gets larger.
Ball valve
with a ball as the rotating blocking element. Is available up to the largest nominal widths ( Figure K 39 ). Ball check valve : Check valve which uses a ball as the blocking element.
Positioning error
load. They are dependent on the size of the load, the pressure gain at the valve and the loop gain vK. All these errors are more or less cancelled out if appropriate measures are taken at the position control