Return line filter
must be selected according to the largest flow rate present. This occurs when refluxing a cylinder . with A K = piston surface area, c R = return velocity.
Elastomer/energised plastic faced seal
Seal combination comprising a ring made of wear-resistance material (mostly filled PTFE) with a smooth or recessed edge sliding surface that is energised by an O-ring behind it (Figure G 27) . The somewhat
Computerised numerical control (CNC)
essentially defined by the programming of the computer (CNC system program = sequence of statements with which the system functions are defined) (DIN 66 257). Today the CNC has largely replaced the conventional
Inductive pressure sensors
1. "Genuine" inductive pressure sensors operate in accordance with the principle of inductive position measurement whereby the core of the coil is connected to a diaphragm whose deflection it measures
Open centre system
delivery flow from the constant pump passes through all the valves . Very high flow losses can occur with open centre systems. Opposite: closed centre system .
Lowering brake valve
Back pressure valve with the task of preventing pulling loads on cylinders or motors from causing uncontrolled lowering. For this purpose, it is pre-loaded to a higher pressure than the pressure corresponding
Monostable
Behaviour of a binary element or circuit associated with a stable state whereby a corresponding signal change at the input is needed to take the element out if its stable state for a specific period of
Interference response
on the system. Interference response of a controlled subsystem : Transfer function of the subsystem with respect to changes to the disturbance variable ; Interference response of a control circuit : Behaviour
Preheater
of the operating period. The preheating normally takes place electrically using heating cartridges with a low specific heat performance (max. 2 W/cm2 for heating rods and 0.5 W/cm2 for heating cartridges)
Inductive position measurement
in electrical terms, like a Wheatstone half bridge with adjustable and complex resistances and supplemented by an ohmic half bridge in the amplifier with carrier frequency (Figure I 7 b) . The output voltage [...] of induction is used to measure the position. In most cases, the sensors used operate in accordance with the differential transformer or differential choke system. Displacement transducers in a differential [...] differential transformer circuit (Figure I 7 a) act like a transformer, from an electrical perspective, with one primary winding and two loosely connected secondary windings. In spatial terms, the secondary windings