Force-time diagram
cylinder) over time. The force-time diagram is used when deciding the dimensions for the pump ( Figure K 36 ).
Force gain Eo
valve control spool deflection for a continuously adjustable valve if the drive is retained ( Figure K 34 ).
Integral hydrostatic transmission
transmission are designed as an integral hydrostatic transmission whereby both units are adjustable (Figure K 23) .
Natural frequency of a hydraulic cylinder
differential cylinder (Figure K 6) : For both cylinders, the natural angular frequency is calculated in each case from With a hydraulic motor [hydrostatic motor] (Figure K 7) , the weight m is replaced [...] As a synchronizing cylinder (Figure K 5) with oil spring stiffness. The oil spring stiffness for cylinder side A and cylinder side B are arranged in parallel and add up to the total oil spring stiffness
Adhesive joint of pipes
being widened into a sleeve to ensure there is a long enough area to accommodate the adhesive (Figure K 11) .
Conical piston
piston — is conical in shape and is responsible for taking the Cardan-free cylinder drum with it (Figure K 4) .
Energy content of hydraulic fluid
this process can be significant. Example: ΔV k = 1.0 L; p = 300 bar; compression energy: 15 · 103 Nm. If this 1 L flows away in 0.5 s, a power of approx. 30 kW is released. [...] compression energy . To generate the pressure p in a space V o a specific portion of the volume ΔV K must be added: (in a pump this process takes place continuously or at very short intervals in the individual
Transmission speed
signals transferred over a data channel per unit of time (DIN 19 226 Part 5). At a cycle frequency of 1 kHz, in the case of series data transmission, this results in a transfer of 1,000 Bit/s or 1,000 baud
Flow sounds
associated speed and pressure fluctuations cause flowing bodies to oscillate in the range between 5 and 20 kHz.
Rodless cylinder
piston sides are the same size, making it easy to insert the pistons inside a pneumatic spring (Figure K 20) . In this form, the pneumatic cylinder has found favour in a range of new applications. The oldest [...] the sealing band cylinder whereby a slotted cylinder tube is sealed using steel sealing bands (Figure K 21 c) . The cylinder with actuating band or cable (a and b) is based on closed cylinders, which gives