Proportional valves
d as pilot valves whereby, compared with normal pressure valves the setting screw is replaced with a distance-controlled proportional solenoid ( Figure P 25 ). With force-controlled solenoids, this acts [...] valves — are not particularly sensitive to contamination (e.g. recommended filter unit 25 μm compared with 3...5 μm) and therefore more durable from an operational perspective. The various groups are dist [...] a number of potentiometers will be used accordingly. Proportional valves are increasingly fitted with electrical feedback. Proportional flow valves :As in conventional hydraulic systems , there are throttle
Overlap in valves
In general : For control elements with a piston design, this states the seal length between the allocated control edges ( Figure U 1 ). in rest position, together with the size of the gap, it determines [...] of the characteristic curve . For directional valves the length of the control piston in comparison with the ring nuts results in three variations: Positive overlap : The piston is longer than the ring nut [...] movement ( Figure U 1 b ). Zero overlap (zero cut) : The control edges of the piston and ring nut meet with a high degree of accuracy. In this position, there is no flow rate (apart from leaked oil), but it
Telescopic cylinder
Cylinder with two or more pistons (pull-outs) which enter into one another in a telescopic manner ( Figure T 8 ). The telescopic cylinder allows high strokes in small installation spaces (slightly longer
Flow rate/pressure characteristic
In the case of continuously adjustable valves: Dependence of the flow rate on the load pressure with the input signal as a parameter (DIN 24 311). The graphical representation is the flow rate/pressure
Available force
derived from the piston area A and the pressure p, having subtracted the friction forces F 2R associated with the seals and guide.
Return line
Line to feed the hydraulic fluid back to the container after the energy has been transferred. As with the Return line filter it must be designed according to the largest flow rate and not according to
Micro-hydraulics
Widely used term, although not formally standardised or defined, for hydraulic components with nominal widths of up to around 3 mm and flow rates of up to around 20 l/min. Pressures of up to around 300
Displacement machine (displacement unit)
works according to the reciprocation principle, with the displacement units (generally pistons) performing a linear movement. All displacement machines – with the exception of the screw pumps – can be classified
Proportional amplifier
valves without a closed loop position control system (force-controlled proportional solenoid), valves with a closed loop position control system (stroke-controlled proportional solenoid). The main functions [...] Position-controlled valves generally feature the feedback controller and displacement transducer with a cable break monitor ( Figure P 32 ).
Impedance Z
inductive element of resistance Impedance is clearly a measure of the resistance (a product of forces) with which structures counter the excitation of oscillations. Because the inductive and capacitive elements [...] is important to distinguish clearly between various forms of impedances, since these are associated with different units: electrical impedance Z mechanical impedance Z m specific impedance Z S acoustic impedance