Noise
is subjected to random influences. Acoustics : Sounds with parts of all frequencies within a given range, which do not have a phase relationship with one another and whose intensity changes statistically
Hydromechanical efficiency
These give a total loss torque M V With hydraulic pumps, this loss torque must also be counted in addition to the theoretical torque (Figure H 11) : which in turn gives With hydraulic motors by contrast, the [...] the usable torque is reduced by the loss torque (Figure H 12) : which gives With hydraulic cylinders, most friction is caused by the seal (F Re); which in this case gives Total efficiency, power losses
Laplace transformation
used, into algebraic operations with associated frequency functions. Laplace transformation is mainly used to solve differential equations in control technology. With Laplace transformation, a function [...] Laplace transformation is a method for solving linear differential equations with constant coefficients based on given initial conditions. It can also be used for fault functions which give the value zero
Contamination of the hydraulic fluid
surfaces. Therefore, hydraulic fluids must be filtered. Contamination with foreign liquids occurs through the entry of water, mixing with other hydraulic fluids or lubricants. The contamination may already [...] a hydraulic system. It can be caused by solid particles and/or dissolved foreign matter, by mixing with foreign liquids, or by air entering the hydraulic fluid. The solid particles may be hard or soft.
Parameter setting
The assignment of parameter values to modules in a or control system with a view to a producing a desired behaviour (DIN 19 226, Part 5).
Frequency response for set input
Mathematical description of a follow up control in which, with the aid of the frequency response method, the transient response is determined (Figure F 36) .
Output unit
Function unit within a digital computer system with which the system outputs data - e.g. calculated results - to the exterior (EDIN 44 300 Part 5).
Anharmonic oscillation
All oscillations which are not harmonic, i.e. which are not periodic sine oscillations with a given frequency. A typical form of anharmonic oscillation is noise .
Hybrid accumulator
from a combination of steel and plastic to save weight. Suitable for use in vehicles, particularly with a view to energy recovery through braking.
Combined piston
Disc-shaped piston with a vulcanised double pot seal or the like and combining the functions of a piston, piston guide and seal (Figure K 24) .