Throttle valve
Flow valve with fixed or adjustable throttling cross-section. Its flow is dependent on the pressure difference at the throttle: the smaller the pressure difference Δp between the (constant) inlet pressure [...] pressure p 1 and the (variable) outlet pressure (load pressure) p L, the lower the flow. With a constant inlet pressure and variable load pressures, it is not possible to achieve a constant flow rate. It is [...] constant flow rate is created at a throttle. As a result, load-independent flow cannot be achieved with a throttle valve. As the throttle valve does not have a return connection, the portion of the flow
Pump control
as desired ( Figure P 37 ). As larger masses are to be moved in the pump with the pump control than in the case of the control with throttle, the dynamic behaviour attainable is lower: Frequencies of between [...] much hydraulic fluid as required in the circuit. This keeps the power loss smaller than the control with throttle . However, it also depends on the type of adjustment: Whereas in the case of pressure reduction [...] between 5 and 30 Hz are expected, depending on the construction type and size. Alternative: Control with throttle .
Operating modes of drives
operation. With two quadrant operation either the direction of the torque remains the same and the direction of rotation changes (2nd and 3rd quadrant) or the direction of rotation remains the same with a changing [...] Example: hydraulic pump that becomes a motor due to the pull from the load. With four quadrant operation the drive operates with changing direction of rotation and changing direction of torque. Example:
Proportional solenoid
the current for a stroke of close to zero (used with pressure valves ). As far as distance control is concerned, the magnetic force acts against a spring with a working stroke of 2 to 3 mm. In order to reduce [...] DC solenoid with an almost horizontal force-stroke characteristic curve in the operating range and which can be controlled in proportion to voltage or current ( Figure P 19 ). The latter is preferred in [...] sensitivity and reversal error too ( Figure P 20 ). Other aspects are the greater stiffness compared with other types of influences and a high level of repetition accuracy, repeatability .
Reynolds number Re
smooth gaps 1,000 to 1,050 concentric gap with recesses 700 eccentric gap with recesses 400 rotary vanes (spigots) 550 to 750 valve ports of spools 250 to 275 valves with flat or conical seat 25 to 100 Calculate [...] transition from laminar to turbulent flow, which has a value of Re = 2,300 under ideal conditions with a smooth pipe. In the case of other, more complex cross sections, part of the transition takes place
Radial piston motors
formation in a cylinder block. As with radial piston pumps a distinction is made between internal and external pressurization in the designs. Radial piston motors with internal pressurization : These are [...] Design of hydraulic motors with a radial arrangement of pistons . Radial piston motors are predominantly slow speed high torque motors in which several pistons are positioned perpendicular to the drive [...] 12 strokes/rev, which results in displacement that is too great for the task. Radial piston motors with external pressurization : In this case, the stroke movement is created by an eccentric tappet on the
Code translator
Converts the digital input signal in one code into a digital output signal with a different code (DIN 19 226).
Pulse generator
Device which gives out pulses with a prescribed frequency at the output when a signal is pending at the input.
Hydrostatic machines
Collective term for pumps and motors which operate in accordance with the laws of hydrostatics (see also hydrostatic displacement machines).
Frequency spectrum
Reflects the frequency distribution of noise including its intensity that together with the change over time describes a noise signal.