Power limiting
is often dispensed with in favour of limit load control . Power limiting makes it easier to adjust the installed power to the maximum pressure or flow rate requirements associated with a load cycle ( Figure [...] control", even though the process takes place in the open loop control system (with force adjustment) and not in the (with power as the reference variable ). [...] Adjustment equipment for hydraulic pumps which, for a drive with constant rotation speed (e.g. electric motor), restricts the power P as a product of the flow rate Q and pressure p to a maximum value,
Series connection
together as required. It ends with two end plates ( Figure L 3 ). A series connection can be combined as required — for example, by inserting a plate with throttle valves or — with a parallel connection . The [...] The sandwich design associated with mobile hydraulics is a form of series connection. Individual components incorporating complex hydraulic functions are combined into a control block. Valve functions
Cascaded (multi loop) control system
chanical feed drives with servo motors, as used in connection with machine tools. Generally speaking, cascaded (multi loop) control systems have not fared very well compared with state controllers . [...] acceleration are also fed back (Figure K 2) . The decisive factor is the type of feedback involved. With the cascaded (multi loop) control system, each controller acts independently and has its own summation
Word processor
Processor with a parallel structure to process words.
Error-tolerant computer
Computer with excess capacity, i.e. with redundant component configuration in which a replacement component becomes active as soon a part fails. Originally only used in large computers, today so-called
Average torque
basis during a revolution. The effective rate of torque will fluctuate in line with this, with an average emerging accordingly ( relative delivery fluctuation ). This fluctuation is much more noticeable [...] With all hydraulic motors of the vane and piston type that have an odd number of displacement chambers, the smaller and larger section will find themselves within the pressure range on an alternating basis
Closed centre system
pumps ) or On variable pumps with power limiting and pressure limitation set to minimum flow at pressure or On a variable pump with p/Q control system set to minimum flow with a different pressure above
Loading models for cylinders
and overload fracture with p A = 1.25 p N ; dynamic against endurance fracture with an oscillation amplitude = p S /2 around the average p N (Figure B 7) . Swelling pressure with added pressure fluctuations [...] dynamic against fatigue fracture, each with p N (Figure B 9) . Swelling pressure with added pressure fluctuations and peaks : Basic load is a pulsating load with superimposed pressure fluctuations up to [...] characteristic operating pressure-time curves for cylinders and make it easier to categorise cylinders with widely varying requirement profiles in relation to their load. Five basic load types are defined:
Two-line system
Accumulator drive system , which supplies its consumers via two pipeline networks, one with low-pressure and one with high-pressure, in order to save energy. In hydraulic systems, the low-pressure line provides
Flat seals
cross section. Moulded seals with a large surface (e.g. cylinder head seals) are also flat seals. Flat seals are made from almost all materials suitable for seals: Metals with or without padding and non-metallic [...] Collective term for seals with a low height compared to the sealing surface and that adapt to the sealing surface over their entire width. They therefore generally have a more or less rectangular cross